Izibane zentloko eziQinisekisiweyo ze-CE: Isikhokelo sokuthobela imithetho yabathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe (Uhlaziyo luka-2025)

Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yesatifikethi se-CE ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwimarike yaseYurophu ngo-2025. Amanyathelo akhawulezileyo aquka ukuqinisekisa izatifikethi zokudibanisa imveliso kunye nokulungiselela amaxwebhu achanekileyo okungenisa impahla. Iingozi eziqhelekileyo zokuthobela imithetho zihlala zivela ekungafezekiseni imigaqo ethile yelizwe, ukuthembela kubaboneleli abangathembekanga, kunye nokungabikho kokuqinisekiswa okufanelekileyo kwempahla yerhafu. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe bakwajongene nemingeni efana nokulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla, ilahleko zemali, kunye nokwaliwa kwemveliso kwimpahla yerhafu. Ukuqwalaselwa kokuthobela imithetho yentloko ye-CE kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwamatyala asemthethweni kwaye kuphucula ulwaneliseko lwabathengi.

• Iingozi eziphambili abadibana nazo abangenisi:
  • Izatifikethi zokudibanisa ezilahlekileyo
  • Izibhengezo zerhafu ezingachanekanga
  • Ababoneleli abangathembekanga
  • Iimpawu zemveliso ezingekho mthethweni
  • Imigaqo yewaranti engacacanga

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Abangenisi bezinto kwamanye amazwe kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba izibane zentlokoisiqinisekiso se-CE esisebenzayokunye nawo onke amaxwebhu afunekayo ngaphambi kokungena kwimarike ye-EU ukuze kuthintelwe imiba yezomthetho kunye nokulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa.
• Amanyathelo aphambili okuthobela imithethoziquka ukuqinisekisa uvavanyo lwemveliso, iifayile zobugcisa, iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho, kunye nokufakwa kwelebheli ye-CE kunye ne-E efanelekileyo kwizibane zentloko.
• Ukulandela imiyalelo ye-EU efana ne-Low Voltage, i-EMC, i-RoHS, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwe-photobiological kuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko, zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusebenza.
• Ukugcina amaxwebhu acwangcisiweyo okungenisa impahla kunye nokwenza uhlolo lwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kunceda ukuthintela iingxaki zerhafu kunye nokukhusela udumo lweshishini.
• Ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nabathengisi abathembekileyo kunye nabahloli beqela lesithathu kuqinisa ukuthobela imithetho kwaye kuxhasa ukufikelela kwimarike okutyibilikayo ngo-2025.

Ukuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE: Iziseko zeSatifikethi

Yintoni isiqinisekiso se-CE?

Isatifikethi se-CEisebenza njengesibhengezo sokuba imveliso ihlangabezana neemfuno ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko, impilo, kunye nokusingqongileyo ezimiselwe yiManyano yaseYurophu. Kwizibane zentloko, le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela abalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

1. Chonga iMiyalelo ye-EU efanelekileyo, efana neLow Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU), iElectromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU), kunye neRestriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (2011/65/EU).
2. Fumana ukuba zeziphi iiNkqubo zaseYurophu ezihambelanayo (hENs) ezisetyenziswa kwisibane sentloko.
3. Yenza uvavanyo lokuhambelana, kuquka uvavanyo lwemveliso kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwayo.
4. Qulunqa ifayile yobugcisa enoxwebhu loyilo, ukwenziwa, kunye novavanyo.
5. Bandakanya iQumrhu eliXwayisiweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko ngokwendlela yohlu lwemveliso.
6. Lungisa kwaye ukhuphe iSibhengezo sokuVumelana ne-EU.
7. Ncamathisela uphawu lwe-CE ngokucacileyo kwisibane sentloko.
   La manyathelo aqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko siyahlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho ye-EU efanelekileyo kwaye sinokungena ngokusemthethweni kwimarike yaseYurophu.

Kutheni ii-headlamps zifuna uphawu lwe-CE

Izibane zentloko ziphantsi kwemiyalelo eliqela ye-EU efuna uphawu lwe-CE. Uphawu lwe-CE lubonisa kwabasemagunyeni nakubathengi ukuba imveliso iyahambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko, impilo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Abavelisi kufuneka babonise ukuthotyelwa komthetho ngokuhlanganisa amaxwebhu obuchwephesha kunye nokwenza uvavanyo oluyimfuneko. Abangenisi kunye nabasasazi babelana ngoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho ngokuchanekileyo kwezibane zentloko ze-CE. Uphawu lwe-CE aluyomfuneko esemthethweni kuphela kodwa lukwaluphawu lomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka.

Qaphela: Kwizibane zezithuthi, uphawu lwe-E luyimfuneko. Olu phawu luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko lwezithuthi kunye nokusebenza phantsi kwemigaqo ye-ECE, ebalulekileyo ekuthengisweni nasekusetyenzisweni ngokusemthethweni ezindleleni ze-EU.

Iziphumo zomthetho zokungathobeli umthetho

Ukungenisa izibane zentloko ngaphandle kokufanelekaUkuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CEkunokubangela iziphumo zomthetho ezinzulu.

• Abasemagunyeni banokuthi bayithintele imveliso ukuba ingangeni kwimarike ye-EU.
• Abangenisi babeka emngciphekweni izohlwayo kunye nokurhoxiswa kwemveliso ngokunyanzelekileyo.
• Ukungathobeli imithetho kunokonakalisa udumo lwabangenisi kunye nabavelisi.
• Amaqumrhu olawulo anganyanzelisa izohlwayo, nto leyo eyenza ukungeniswa kwezibane zentloko ezingathobeliyo kube yinto engekho mthethweni.
  Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka banike amaxwebhu obuchwephesha kunye neSibhengezo sokuVumelana. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno kunokukhokelela kwizenzo zokunyanzeliswa kunye nemingcipheko ebalulekileyo kwezoshishino.

Ukuchonga Imiyalelo Efanelekileyo Yokuthobela Izibane Zentloko ze-CE

Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka bachonge baze baqonde imiyalelo ephambili ye-EU esebenza kwizibane zentloko ngaphambi kokuba babeke iimveliso kwimarike yaseYurophu. Le miyalelo yakha isiseko sokuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko oluqinileyo, i-electromagnetic, kunye neyokusingqongileyo. Imiyalelo efanelekileyo kakhulu yezibane zentloko ibandakanya:

• Isikhokelo seVolthi ephantsi (LVD) 2014/35/EU
• Umyalelo wokuhambelana kwe-Electromagnetic (EMC) 2014/30/EU
• Uthintelo lweZinto eziyingozi (RoHS) Directive 2011/65/EU

Isikhokelo seVolthi ephantsi (LVD)

I-Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU) isebenza kwizixhobo zombane ezisebenza nge-voltage ephakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-1000 V yokutshintshana kwamandla ombane kunye naphakathi kwe-75 kunye ne-1500 V yombane othe ngqo. Uninzi lwezibane zentloko, ingakumbi ezo zisebenzisa iibhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona okanye imithombo yamandla yangaphandle, ziwela ngaphakathi kolu luhlu. I-LVD iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zombane azibeki mngcipheko kubasebenzisi okanye kwipropathi. Abavelisi kufuneka bayile izibane zentloko ukuthintela ukutshayiswa kombane, umlilo, kunye nezinye iingozi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwangaphambili. Ukuthobela i-LVD kufuna uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomngcipheko, ukunamathela kwimigangatho ehambelanayo, kunye nemiyalelo ecacileyo yomsebenzisi. Abangenisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba zonke izibane zentloko zivavanyiwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye amaxwebhu obuchwephesha abonisa ukuhambelana nomyalelo.

Ukuhambelana kwe-Electromagnetic (EMC)

I-Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU) imisela iimfuno zezixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-electromagnetic nokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwiingxaki zangaphandle. Izibane zentloko, ingakumbi ezo zine-LED drivers okanye ulawulo lwe-elektroniki, akufuneki ziphazamise ezinye izixhobo kwaye kufuneka zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo xa kukho ingxolo ye-electromagnetic. Uvavanyo lwe-EMC luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kweemveliso zokukhanyisa iimoto. Uvavanyo lugubungela iindawo ezimbini eziphambili: ukungenelela kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), okulinganisa ukukhutshwa kwe-electromagnetic, kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwe-electromagnetic (EMS), okuvavanya ukukhuselwa kwiingxaki ezifana nokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic kunye nokunyuka kwe-voltage. Amaqumrhu oqinisekiso, kuquka i-Arhente yoQinisekiso lweZithuthi (VCA), afuna izibane zentloko ziphumelele ezi mvavanyo ngaphambi kokuba zinike imvume. Kuphela ziimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno ze-EMC ezinokubonisa uphawu lwe-CE, kwaye amagunya okubeka esweni imarike ayayinyanzelisa le mithetho.

Icebiso: Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka bacele iingxelo zovavanyo lwe-EMC kwaye baqinisekise ukuba iifayile zobugcisa ziquka iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-EMI kunye ne-EMS. Olu xwebhu luxhasa inkqubo eqinileyo yokuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE kwaye lunciphisa umngcipheko wokulibaziseka kwerhafu.

Ukuthintelwa kwezinto ezinobungozi (RoHS)

I-RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU) ithintela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile eziyingozi kwizixhobo zombane neze-elektroniki, kuquka izibane zentloko. I-directional ijolise ekukhuseleni impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa ubukho bezinto ezinobuthi kwiimveliso zabathengi. Izibane zentloko akufuneki zidlule la maxabiso aphezulu oxinzelelo alandelayo ngobunzima bezinto ezifanayo:

1. I-Lead (Pb): 0.1%
2. I-Mercury (Hg): 0.1%
3. I-Cadmium (i-Cd): 0.01%
4. I-Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI): 0.1%
5. IiBiphenyls ezine-Polybrominated (PBB): 0.1%
6. Ii-Ether zeDiphenyl ezinePolybrominated (PBDE): 0.1%
7. I-Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): 0.1%
8. I-Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP): 0.1%
9. I-Dibutyl phthalate (DBP): 0.1%
10. I-Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP): 0.1%

Le miqathango isebenza kuzo zonke izinto, kuquka ii-sensors, iiswitshi, ii-metal coatings, kunye neeplastiki. Abavelisi kufuneka banike ubungqina bokuthobela imithetho, rhoqo ngokusebenzisa izibhengezo zezinto kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lwelebhu. Abangenisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ababoneleli basebenzise ulawulo lweRoHS kulo lonke uthotho lokubonelela ukuze baphephe ukungathobeli imithetho kunye nokukhunjulwa kwemveliso okunokwenzeka.

Qaphela: Ukuthobela iRoHS akusiyonto isemthethweni kuphela kodwa kukwayinto ephambili ekwakheni ukuthembana nabathengi abaqaphela indalo.

EN 62471: Ukhuseleko lweFotobiyoloji

I-EN 62471:2008 ibeka umlinganiselo wokhuseleko lwe-photobiological kwiimveliso zokukhanyisa, kuquka nezibane zentloko. Lo mgangatho waseYurophu uvavanya iingozi ezibangelwa yimithombo yokukhanya emehlweni nakwisikhumba sabantu. Abavelisi kufuneka bavavanye iimveliso zabo ukuze babone iingozi ezinokubakho ezifana nemitha ye-ultraviolet (UV), ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-infrared. Ezi ngozi zinokubangela ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, ukurhawuzelelwa lusu, okanye kwanomonakalo wexesha elide ukuba azilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Uvavanyo phantsi kwe-EN 62471 lubandakanya ukulinganisa imveliso ye-spectral yesibane sentloko. Iilabhoratri zisebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukufumanisa ukuba imveliso iwela ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo yokuvezwa. Umgangatho wahlulahlula iingozi zibe ziindidi ezine:

• Iqela Elikhululekileyo: Akukho ngozi ye-photobiological
• Iqela loMngcipheko 1: Umngcipheko ophantsi
• Iqela leMngcipheko 2: Umngcipheko ophakathi
• Iqela leNgcipheko 3: Umngcipheko ophezulu

Abavelisi kufuneka babhale phantsi udidi lweqela lomngcipheko kwifayile yobugcisa. Abangenisi kufuneka bacele iingxelo zovavanyo eziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-EN 62471. Ezi ngxelo zibonelela ngobungqina bokuba isibane sentloko asidluli kumanqanaba okhuseleko kubasebenzisi.

Qaphela: Ukuthobela i-EN 62471 kubalulekile ekuthobeleni izibane zentloko ze-CE. Abasemagunyeni banokucela amaxwebhu okhuseleko lwe-photobiological ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwerhafu.

Isibane sentloko esihlangabezana neemfuno ze-EN 62471 sibonisa ukuzibophelela kukhuseleko lomsebenzisi. Abangenisi abaqinisekisa oku kuthobela bayanciphisa umngcipheko wokurhoxiswa kwemveliso kwaye baphucula udumo lwabo kwimarike.

I-ECE R112 kunye ne-R148: Imigangatho yezibane zentloko ezisemthethweni zendlela

I-ECE R112 kunye ne-ECE R148 zimisela iimfuno zobugcisa zezibane zendlela ezisemthethweni eYurophu. Le mithetho yeKhomishini yoQoqosho yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yaseYurophu (i-UNECE) isebenza kwiinkqubo zokukhanyisa iimoto, kuquka nezibane zentloko ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi.

I-ECE R112 igubungela izibane zentloko ngeepateni zemitha ezingafaniyo, ezihlala zifumaneka kwizibane zezibane eziphantsi. I-ECE R148 ijongana nezixhobo zokubonisa kunye nezikhupha ukukhanya, ezifana nezibane ezisebenza emini kunye nezibane zesikhundla. Zombini ezi migangatho zichaza iimfuno ze:

• Ukusasazwa kokukhanya kunye nobukhali
• Ipateni yemitha kunye nokunqunyulwa
• Ubushushu bombala
• Ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokungcangcazela

Abavelisi kufuneka bangenise izibane zentloko ukuze zivavanywe ngohlobo lwemveliso kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo. Inkqubo yovavanyo iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuneko zokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko. Nje ukuba ivunyiwe, isibane sentloko sifumana uphawu lwe-E, olumele luvele kwimveliso ecaleni kophawu lwe-CE.

Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba zonke izibane zentloko ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa endleleni zinempawu ze-CE kunye ne-E. Olu qinisekiso luphindwe kabini luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho kunye nokususwa kwempahla ngendlela ethe tye.

Icebiso: Soloko ujongaisatifikethi sokuvunywa kohlobokunye nenombolo ye-E-mark ngaphambi kokungenisa izibane zentloko zezithuthi. La maxwebhu angqina ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwendlela yaseYurophu.

Ukuthobela imithetho ye-ECE R112 kunye ne-R148 kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuthobela imithetho ye-CE kwiimveliso zeemoto. Abathengisi bempahla abalandela le migangatho bayakuphepha imiba yemithetho kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe ezindleleni zikawonke-wonke.

Iimfuneko zoBugcisa bokuThotyelwa kweZibane zentloko ze-CE

Amaxwebhu abalulekileyo okuthobela imithetho yezibane zentloko

Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka baqokelele iseti epheleleyoamaxwebhu obugcisangaphambi kokubeka izibane zentloko kwimarike yaseYurophu. La maxwebhu angqina ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zomthetho nezokhuseleko. Abasemagunyeni banokucela olu lwazi ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwempahla okanye ukugadwa kwemarike. Ifayile yobugcisa kufuneka iquke:

• Inkcazo yemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo
• Imizobo yoyilo kunye neyokuvelisa
• Umqulu wezinto kunye noluhlu lwamacandelo
• Iingxelo zovavanyo kunye nezatifikethi
• Uvavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nedatha yokhuseleko
• Iincwadi zomsebenzisi kunye nemiyalelo yokufaka
• Isibhengezo sokuVumelana

Icebiso: Gcina onke amaxwebhu ehlelekile kwaye efikeleleka ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba imveliso yokugqibela ibekwe emarikeni.

Iingxelo zovavanyo kunye neeSatifikethi (ISO 3001:2017, ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019)

Iingxelo zovavanyo kunye nezatifikethi zenza umqolo wefayile yobugcisa. Iilabhoratri zivavanya izibane zentloko ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe neyengingqi. I-ISO 3001:2017 igubungela ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lokukhanyisa okuphathwayo, kubandakanya amandla okukhanya kunye nobomi bebhetri. I-ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019 inika imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo yokukhanya, ukumelana nempembelelo, kunye nokusebenza okungangeni manzi. Ezi ngxelo zibonisa ukuba isibane sentloko sihlangabezana nolindelo lwehlabathi kunye nolwaseYurophu. Abangenisi kufuneka bacele izatifikethi zovavanyo zokuqala kubathengisi kwaye baqinisekise ubunyani bazo.

Uvavanyo loMngcipheko kunye neDatha yoKhuseleko

Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomngcipheko luchonga iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwezibane zentloko. Abavelisi bahlalutya iingozi ezinje ngokutshona kombane, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kunye neziphumo ze-photobiological. Babhala amanyathelo okuthintela kunye neempawu zokhuseleko kwifayile yobugcisa. Amaphepha edatha yokhuseleko anokufuneka nakwiibhetri okanye izinto ze-elektroniki. Abangenisi kufuneka bawahlole la maxwebhu ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iingozi zijongiwe. Eli nyathelo lixhasa ukuthotyelwa kwezibane zentloko ze-CE kwaye libonisa ukuzibophelela kukhuseleko lomsebenzisi.

Abasemagunyeni banokucela uvavanyo lomngcipheko ngexesha lokuhlolwa okanye ukuvavanywa. Hlala ugcina la maxwebhu ehlaziyiwe.

Isibhengezo sokuThotyelwa koMthetho wokuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE

Indlela Yokulungiselela Isibhengezo

Abavelisi okanye abameli babo abagunyazisiweyo kufuneka balungiselele iSibhengezo sokuVumelana (i-DoC) ngaphambi kokubeka izibane zentloko kwimarike yaseYurophu. Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imiyalelo efanelekileyo ye-EU kunye nemigangatho ehambelanayo. Ukulungiselela kuqala ngophononongo olupheleleyo lwamaxwebhu obuchwephesha. Iqela elinoxanduva kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba zonke iingxelo zovavanyo, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, kunye nezatifikethi ziphelele kwaye zichanekile. Kufuneka babhekisele kwimiyalelo ethile kunye nemigangatho esetyenziswayo ngexesha lovavanyo lokuvumelana. I-DoC kufuneka icace, imfutshane, kwaye ibhalwe ngolwimi olusemthethweni lwe-EU. Abangenisi kufuneka bacele ikopi ye-DoC kubaboneleli babo kwaye baqinisekise umxholo wayo ngaphambi kokuba baqhubeke nokucoca irhafu.

Icebiso: Gcina i-DoC ifikeleleka lula. Abasemagunyeni banokuyicela ngexesha lokuhlolwa okanye uphicotho-zincwadi.

Ulwazi olufunekayo kunye nefomathi

Isibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho esihambelanayo kufuneka siquke izinto ezibalulekileyo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza ulwazi olufunekayo:

Ifomathi mayilandele ulandelelwano olunengqiqo kwaye ihlale ifundeka lula. I-DoC mayisayinwe kwaye ibe nomhla. Utyikityo lwedijithali luyamkeleka ukuba luhlangabezana neemfuno ze-EU.

Ngubani Omele Atyikitye Isibhengezo

Uxanduva lokusayina iSibhengezo sokuVumelana luxhomekeke kumenzi okanye kummeli wakhe ogunyazisiweyo. Ngokusayina, eli qela liyamkela uxanduva olupheleleyo olusemthethweni lokuthobela kwemveliso umthetho we-EU. Abangenisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kwezibane zentloko kubandakanya i-DoC esebenzayo kwaye kufuneka bagcine ikopi ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10. Nangona kunjalo, umngenisi akayisayini i-DoC. Lo mthetho usebenza kuzo zonke izibane zentloko ezingeniswayo, ngaphandle kokwahluka. Ukuthotyelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwale nkqubo kuxhasaUkuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CEkwaye ikhusela bonke abantu kwiingozi zomthetho.

• Umenzi okanye ummeli ogunyazisiweyo usayina i-DoC.
• Umngenisi uqinisekisa ukuba i-DoC ihamba nemveliso kwaye igcina ikopi.
• Umngenisi akayisayini i-DoC.

Qaphela: Ukusilela ukulandela ezi mfuno kunokubangela ukulibaziseka kwerhafu okanye amanyathelo okunyanzelisa umthetho.

Ukuncamathisela uphawu lwe-CE kwizibane zentloko

Iimfuneko zokubekwa kunye nobungakanani

Abavelisi kufuneka babekeUphawu lwe-CEibonakala ngokucacileyo, ifundeka, kwaye ingacimekiyo kwisibane sentloko okanye kwipleyiti yaso yedatha. Uphawu kufuneka luvele kwimveliso ngokwayo nanini na xa kunokwenzeka. Ukuba uyilo okanye ubungakanani besibane sentloko kuthintela oku, uphawu lwe-CE lunokufakwa kwiphakheji okanye kumaxwebhu ahamba nayo. Ubuncinane bokuphakama kophawu lwe-CE yi-5 mm. Olu bungakanani luqinisekisa ukuba amagosa erhafu kunye namagunya okubeka esweni imarike anokuchonga ngokulula iimveliso ezithobelayo.

Uphawu lwe-CE akufuneki lutshintshwe okanye luphazanyiswe. Ubungakanani kunye nesithuba kufuneka zihambelane noyilo olusemthethweni. Abavelisi banokukhuphela umsebenzi wobugcisa ochanekileyo wophawu lwe-CE kwiwebhusayithi yeKhomishini yaseYurophu. Uphawu kufuneka luhluke nemvelaphi ukuze lubonakale kakhulu. Ezinye iinkampani zisebenzisa i-laser engraving okanye ukuprinta okuhlala ixesha elide ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphawu luhlala lufundeka ubomi bonke bemveliso.

Icebiso: Soloko ujonga imveliso yokugqibela ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphawu lwe-CE lukhona kwaye luyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ngaphambi kokuba luthunyelwe.

Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Okufanele Uziphephe

Abangenisi abaninzi kunye nabavelisi benza iimpazamo xa bencamathisela uphawu lwe-CE. Ezi mpazamo zinokulibazisa ukuthunyelwa okanye zibangele amanyathelo okunyanzelisa umthetho. Ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Ukusebenzisa ubungakanani okanye ifonti engalunganga kuphawu lwe-CE
• Ukubeka uphawu kuphela kwiphakheji xa kukho indawo kwimveliso
• Ukufaka uphawu ngaphambi kokugqiba onke amanyathelo okuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE
• Ukungayifaki ngokupheleleyo uphawu okanye ukusebenzisa inguqulelo engathobeliyo imithetho
• Ukudibanisa uphawu lwe-CE nezinye iimpawu ngendlela ebangela ukudideka

Abasemagunyeni banokuthimba iimveliso okanye bakhuphe isohlwayo ukuba bafumene ezi mpazamo. Abangenisi kufuneka bahlole iisampulu baze bacele iifoto kubaboneleli ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe. Bafanele bagcine neerekhodi zokuhlolwa kokuthobela imithetho njengenxalenye yenkqubo yabo yokulawula umgangatho.

Qaphela: Ukumakishwa kwe-CE ngokufanelekileyo kubonisa ukuzibophelela kukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithetho. Kukwanceda ukuthintela ukulibaziseka okubizayo kwimicimbi yerhafu.

Iileyibhile ezinxulumene noko kunye neembopheleleko zokusingqongileyo

Iimfuneko zeLebheli ye-WEEE

Iimveliso zezibane zentlokoEzithengiswa kwi-European Union mazilandele i-Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE). Lo mgaqo uhlela izibane zentloko njengezixhobo zokukhanyisa, oko kuthetha ukuba zifuna ukulebhelishwa kunye nokuphathwa okuthile. Uphawu lwebhini enamavili anqamlezileyo kufuneka luvele ngqo kwimveliso. Ukuba uyilo lwemveliso alukuvumeli oku, uphawu lungafakwa kwiphakheji. Kwizibane zentloko ezithengiswa emva kowama-2005, uphawu kufuneka lubandakanye umgca omnye omnyama ngaphantsi okanye lubonise umhla wokubekwa kwimarike. Uphawu lokuchonga lomvelisi, olufana nophawu okanye uphawu lwentengiso, nalo kufuneka lube khona. I-EN 50419 ichaza ezi mfuno zokumakisha, ngelixa i-EN 50625-2-1 ijongana nonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokurisayikilisha. Abavelisi kufuneka babhalise kwi-EU kwaye bamisele iinkqubo zokuqokelelwa kunye nokurisayikilisha ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo.

Qaphela: Ukubhala iilebhile ezifanelekileyo ze-WEEE kunye nokubhalisa kunceda ekuthinteleni umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye kuxhase ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Iimbopheleleko zeSikhokelo se-ErP

Abavelisi kunye nabangenisi bezibane zentloko kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zeMiyalelo yeeMveliso ezinxulumene neMandla (ErP) (EU) 2019/2020. Lo myalelo ubeka imigangatho yoyilo lwendalo kwiimveliso zokukhanyisa, kuquka nezibane zentloko. Iimbopheleleko eziphambili ziquka:

1. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezihlaziyiweyo zoyilo lwendalo eziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
2. Kulandela iinkqubo ezintsha zovavanyo, ezinje ngovavanyo lwempembelelo ye-stroboscopic kunye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla omqhubi.
3. Kubandakanya ukulebhelisha kwimveliso okanye kwiphakheji echaza ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ubushushu bombala, kunye ne-angle yemitha.
4. Ukubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha zokupakisha, njengeeparameter zombane, ixesha lobomi elilinganisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye namandla okulinda.
5. Ukugqibezela inkqubo yesiqinisekiso se-ErP ngaphambi kokubeka iimveliso kwimarike ye-EU, equka usetyenziso, ulwazi lwemveliso, uvavanyo lwesampulu, kunye nobhaliso.
6. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiqinisekiso sifunyenwe ngaphambi komhla wokunyanzelisa umthetho ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki zerhafu.

Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba lonke ulwazi luchanekile kwaye luhlaziyiwe ukuze kugcinwe ukufikelela kwimarike.

Ukuthobela i-REACH kunye nezinye iileyibhile zeNdalo

Abangenisi bezibane zentloko kufuneka baqwalasele ukuthotyelwa kwe-REACH (Ubhaliso, Uvavanyo, Imvume, kunye noThintelo lweeKhemikhali). Lo mthetho uthintela ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezithile eziyingozi kwiimveliso ezithengiswa kwi-EU. Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba izibane zentloko azinazo izinto ezithintelweyo ezingaphezulu kwemida evumelekileyo. Kufuneka banike amaxwebhu abonisa ukuthotyelwa kwaye bawahlaziye njengoko imigaqo itshintsha. Ezinye iileyibhile zokusingqongileyo, ezinje ngokulinganiswa kokusebenza kwamandla okanye iileyibhile ze-eco, zinokusebenza kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso kunye nemarike. Ezi leyibhile zinceda abathengi ukuba benze ukhetho olunolwazi kwaye babonise ukuzibophelela ekuzinzeni.

Icebiso: Hlala unolwazi ngeimithetho yokusingqongileyokwaye iimfuno zokulebhelisha zixhasa iindlela zoshishino ezinoxanduva kunye nokususwa kwerhafu ngendlela ethe tye.

Iimfuneko zeLizwe eziphathelele ukungeniswa kwempahla kunye neMithetho yoRhwebo ukuze kuthotyelwe imithetho yezibane zentloko ze-CE

Amaxwebhu okungenisa impahla e-EU

Abangenisi kufuneka balungiselele amaxwebhu aliqela ukuqinisekisa ukungena kakuhle kwezibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ze-CE kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Amagunya eerhafu afuna iSibhengezo esiSishwankathelo ngomhla wokungenisa, esichaza iinkcukacha zokuthunyelwa kunye nemveliso. Uxwebhu oluSinye loLawulo (i-SAD) lusebenza njengefom ephambili yerhafu, lugubungela irhafu kunye ne-VAT kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Wonke umngenisi kufuneka abe nenombolo ye-EORI esebenzayo ukufaka izibhengezo zerhafu kunye nokwenza lula iinkqubo zokukhupha impahla.

Ifayile epheleleyo yobugcisa kufuneka ihambe nokuthunyelwa ngakunye. Le fayile kufuneka ibandakanye iinkcazo zemveliso, iidayagram zesekethe, uluhlu lwamacandelo, iingxelo zovavanyo, kunye nemiyalelo yomsebenzisi.Isibhengezo sokuVumelana(DoC) kufuneka ibhekisele kuzo zonke imiyalelo efanelekileyo ye-EU, efana neLow Voltage Directive, EMC Directive, Eco-design Directive, kunye neRoHS Directive. I-DoC kufuneka idwelise iinkcukacha zomenzi, ukuchongwa kwemveliso, kunye notyikityo lomntu onoxanduva. Uphawu lwe-CE kufuneka luvele kwimveliso, lubonakale kwaye luphakame ubuncinane nge-5 mm. Abangenisi bakwafanele baqinisekise ukuba zonke iimfuno zokulebhelisha, kuquka i-WEEE kunye neelebheli zemveliso ezinxulumene namandla, ziyafezekiswa. Amagosa erhafu angacela la maxwebhu nangaliphi na ixesha, ngoko ke abangenisi kufuneka bawagcine efikeleleka.

Abangenisi banoxanduva olupheleleyo lokuthobela imithetho yemveliso kunye nokuvunyelwa kwempahla phantsi kwemithetho ye-EU. Ukuqinisekiswa komntu wesithathu kunokunceda ukunciphisa iingozi zokuthobela imithetho.

Ukuthobela imithetho kunye neenkcubeko zase-UK

I-United Kingdom inyanzelisa imithetho yayo yokuthobela imveliso emva kwe-Brexit. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokumakisha ze-UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) kwiimveliso ezibekwe kwimarike yaseGreat Britain. Uphawu lwe-UKCA luthatha indawo yophawu lwe-CE kwiimpahla ezininzi, kodwa iNorthern Ireland isayamkela uphawu lwe-CE phantsi kweNorthern Ireland Protocol.

Abangenisi kufuneka banikezele ngeSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho sase-UK, esifana kakhulu ne-EU DoC kodwa sibhekisa kwimigaqo yase-UK. Ukuvunyelwa kwempahla kudinga inombolo ye-EORI ekhutshwe ziigunya zase-UK. Abangenisi kufuneka bangenise izibhengezo zokungenisa impahla kwaye bahlawule iirhafu ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-VAT. Amaxwebhu obuchwephesha, kuquka iingxelo zovavanyo kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko, kufuneka afumaneke ukuze ahlolwe. Urhulumente wase-UK angacela ubungqina bokuthobela umthetho nangaliphi na inqanaba, ngoko ke abangenisi kufuneka bagcine iirekhodi ezicwangcisiweyo.

Iimarike zaseSwitzerland, eNorway, nakwezinye iimarike ze-EEA

ISwitzerland neNorway, njengamalungu e-European Economic Area (EEA), zilandela imithetho efanayo ne-EU yokuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE. Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zinophawu lwe-CE kwaye ziyahlangabezana nayo yonke imiyalelo ye-EU efanelekileyo. Amagunya eerhafu kula mazwe afuna amaxwebhu obuchwephesha afanayo, kuquka iSibhengezo sokuVumelana kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezixhasayo.

Itheyibhile ishwankathela iimfuno eziphambili zezi marike:

Abangenisi bempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka baqinisekise naziphi na iimfuno zelizwe ezongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba bathumele. Ukugcina amaxwebhu ehlaziyiwe kuqinisekisa ukususwa kwempahla ngendlela ekhululekileyo kunye nokufikelela kwimarike.

Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE

Uluhlu lokujonga uQinisekiso lokuthobela imithetho

Uluhlu olupheleleyo lokuthumela ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa lunceda abathumeli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba baphephe ukulibaziseka okubizayo kunye neengxaki zokuthobela imithetho. Ukuthunyelwa ngakunye kwezibane zentloko kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokweenkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uphume kumzi-mveliso. La manyathelo alandelayo enza uluhlu lokuhlola oluthembekileyo:

1. Lungisa onke amaphepha, kuquka i-invoyisi yorhwebo, uluhlu lokupakisha, i-bill of lading, kunye nesatifikethi semvelaphi.
2. Sebenzisa ikhowudi ye-HS echanekileyo yokwahlulahlula imveliso.
3. Chaza ixabiso lokwenyani leempahla usebenzisa iindlela ezamkelekileyo zokuvavanya ixabiso.
4. Hlawula yonke imisebenzi efanelekileyo, irhafu, kunye nemirhumo.
5. Gcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zentengiselwano nganye kunye noxwebhu.
6. Ukuqonda nokuthobela imithetho yokungenisa impahla kunye nemithetho yerhafu yelizwe oya kulo.
7. Cinga ngokuqesha iingcali zerhafu okanye abarhwebi ukuze kugqitywe kakuhle.
8. Qinisekisa ukuba uphawu lwe-CE luyahambelana, uqinisekise ukuba uphawu luyabonakala, luyafundeka, luhlala luhleli, kwaye ubude balo buyi-5 mm ubuncinane.
9. Qinisekisa ukuba iSibhengezo sokuVumelana sidwelisa yonke imiyalelo efanelekileyo ye-EU.
10. Qinisekisa ukuba ifayile yobugcisa ibandakanya onke amaxwebhu afunekayo kunye neengxelo zovavanyo.
11. Qinisekisa ukuba iilebheli zokukhanyisa kunye nokupakishwa ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EU.
12. Yenza uhlolo olubonakalayo kunye novavanyo kwindawo yokusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokhuseleko lwayo.
13. Fumana ingxelo yovavanyo eneenkcukacha kunye nobungqina befoto.

Icebiso: Uluhlu olupheleleyo lokuhlola lunciphisa umngcipheko wokungathotyelwa komthetho kunye nokwaliwa kokuthunyelwa.

Ukusebenza nabaHloli beQela lesithathu

Abahloli beqela lesithathu badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kwemveliso. Ezi ngcali ezizimeleyo zisampulu kwaye zivavanye izibane zentloko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zesivumelwano kunye nemithetho. Zikwaqhuba uhlolo lwefektri, zivavanya iindlela zokuvelisa kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho. Ngokusebenzisa iinkonzo zokuhlola zeqela lesithathu ezithembekileyo, abathumeli banokuqinisekisa ulawulo lomgangatho wabathengisi, banciphise iingozi zekhonkco lokubonelela, kwaye baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe neyengingqi. Le ndlela ixhasa ukucaca kwaye yakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabathengi.

Amanyathelo Okugqibela Ngaphambi Kokuthunyelwa

Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwaIzibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo yi-CE, abangenisi kufuneka bagqibe amanyathelo okugqibela okuqinisekisa:

1. Yenza uhlolo olupheleleyo lokuthunyelwa kokuqala ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso.
2. Yenza uhlolo lweesampuli zokuthunyelwa okulandelayo.
3. Qinisekisa iinkcukacha zokupakisha, kuquka ubukhulu, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokuprinta.
4. Fumana imvume yoyilo lwelogo ngaphambi kokuba ufake isicelo.
5. Qinisekisa iiparameter zemveliso ezifana nobungakanani kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.
6. Lungisa onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko okuthunyelwa.
7. Qinisekisa iinkcukacha zokuthunyelwa ngokubhaliweyo, kuquka umhla kunye nendlela yokuthutha.
8. Fumana iikopi zamaxwebhu okuthumela ukuze ulandelelwe kwaye ufakwe amabango.
9. Gcwalisa irhafu yempahla kunye nokuhlolwa kwempahla kwizibuko lendawo oya kuyo.

La manyathelo anceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izibane zentloko ze-CE ziyathotyelwa kwaye zingena kakuhle kwimarike.

Abathumeli bempahla kwamanye amazwe banokuqinisekisa ukungena kakuhle kwimarike ngokulandela la manyathelo abalulekileyo:

1. Gcina amaxwebhu esiqinisekiso afanelekileyo, kuquka izatifikethi ze-ECE R149 kunye neelebheli ze-E-Mark.
2. Qinisekisa iziqinisekiso zomthengisi kwaye ucele izatifikethi zokuthobela imithetho.
3. Gcina onke amaxwebhu okungenisa impahla ecwangcisiweyo ukuze kugqitywe irhafu.
4. Ukuziphathauhlolo lwangaphambi kokuthunyelwakunye novavanyo lwemveliso.
5. Hlanganisa ukuthobela imithetho kwasekuqaleni koyilo lwemveliso kwaye wakhe amaqela asebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
6. Tyala imali kuvavanyo olucokisekileyo kwaye uhlale usesikhathini ngemithetho eguqukayo.

Amaxwebhu apheleleyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwangaphambili kusesisiseko sokuphumelela kokuthobela izibane zentloko ze-CE ngo-2025.

FAQ

Ngawaphi amaxwebhu ekufuneka agcinwe ngabathumeli bempahla ukuze bathobele imithetho ye-CE?

Abangenisi belizwe kufuneka bagcineIsibhengezo sokuVumelana, ifayile yobugcisa, iingxelo zovavanyo, kunye neencwadi zesikhokelo zomsebenzisi. Abasemagunyeni banokucela la maxwebhu nangaliphi na ixesha. Gcina zonke iirekhodi ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba imveliso yokugqibela ingenile kwimarike.

Ngaba isibane sentloko singathengiswa kwi-EU ngaphandle kophawu lwe-CE?

Hayi. IUphawu lwe-CEkuyimfuneko ekuthengisweni ngokusemthethweni kwi-EU. Iimveliso ezingenalo uphawu lwe-CE zinokujongana nokwaliwa kwerhafu, isohlwayo, okanye ukubuyiselwa. Soloko uqinisekisa uphawu phambi kokuba luthunyelwe.

Ngubani onoxanduva lokuthobela i-CE: umenzi okanye umngenisi?

Omabini amaqela abelana ngoxanduva. Umenzi uqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno kwaye unikezela ngamaxwebhu. Umngenisi uqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, ugcina iirekhodi, kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba uphawu lwe-CE kunye neelebheli zichanekile.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-CE kunye ne-E-mark yezibane zentloko?

Qaphela: Izibane zentloko ezisemthethweni zendlela zifuna zombini iimpawu ukuze kufikeleleke kwimarike ye-EU.