I-CE vs isiqinisekiso seFCC: Yintoni efunekayo kwi-EU/US yentengiso yesibane?

Ukuthengisaiithotshikwi-EU okanye e-US ifuna ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ethile yesatifikethi. Isiqinisekiso se-CE siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko lwe-EU, impilo, kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo, ngelixa isatifikethi seFCC siqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa konxibelelwano lwase-US kunye nemigangatho yombane. Ukungathobeli kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi, kubandakanywa izohlwayo, ukukhunjuzwa kwemveliso, okanye ukuvalwa kwemarike. Amaqumrhu alawulayo afana ne-OSHA anyanzelisa le migangatho ukukhusela abathengi kunye nokugcina ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Abavelisi kufuneka babeke phambili ukufumana iziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko zetotshi ukuphepha umngcipheko osemthethweni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukungena kwimarike ngaphandle komthungo.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Isiqinisekiso se-CE siyafuneka ukuthengisa iitotshi kwi-EU. Iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihlangabezana nokhuseleko, impilo, kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo.
• Isatifikethi seFCC siyafuneka kwizibane zase-US, ngakumbi ezo zinombane. Ibanqanda ekonakalisa imiqondiso yonxibelelwano.
• Ukufumana i-CE kunye ne-FCC izatifikethi, iinkampani kufuneka zivavanye iimveliso kwaye zenze iingxelo ezineenkcukacha. Oku kungqina ukuba iimveliso zikhuselekile kwaye zilandela imigaqo.
• Ukwaphula imithetho ye-CE okanye ye-FCC kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, njengezohlwayo okanye ukukhupha iimveliso kwiishelufu. Ukufumana isiqinisekiso kunceda ukuphepha ingxaki yezomthetho.
• Ukufunda malunga notshintsho lwemithetho kunye nokusebenza neengcali kunokwenza ukufumana isiqinisekiso kube lula kwaye kuncede ukuthengisa iimveliso kwiindawo ezininzi.

Isishwankathelo seziQinisekiso zeFlashlight

Yintoni isiqinisekiso seCE?

Isiqinisekiso se-CE siyimfuneko enyanzelekileyo kwiitotshi ezithengiswa kwiNdawo yoQoqosho lwaseYurophu (EEA). Oku kuthetha ukuba imveliso ithobela imiyalelo ye-EU enxulumene nokhuseleko, impilo, kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Abavelisi kufuneka bafumane esi satifikethi ukuze bafikelele ngokusemthethweni kwimarike yaseYurophu. Uphawu lwe-CE kwisibane luqinisekisa abathengi ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo ye-EU.

Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi ibandakanya izinto ezininzi eziphambili:

• Umyalelo we-EMCiqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic.
• LVD Directiveijongana nokhuseleko lombane.
• RED Directiveisebenza kwizixhobo zerediyo.

Ukufezekisa isatifikethi se-CE, abavelisi balandela inkqubo eyakhiweyo:

1. Chonga imigangatho efanelekileyo ehambelanayo yesibane.
2. Ukuqhuba uvavanyo kunye novavanyo, ngaphakathi okanye ngeZiko elaziswayo.
3. Hlanganisa amaxwebhu obugcisa ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa.
4. Ukukhupha isiBhengezo sokuThobela.
5. Faka uphawu lweCE kwimveliso.

Ngokubambelela kula manyathelo, abavelisi babonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo ekuveliseni iithotshi ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo kwimarike yaseYurophu.

Yintoni isiQinisekiso seFCC?

Isatifikethi seFCC sibalulekile kwiitotshi ezithengiswayo eMelika, ngakumbi ezo zinezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezikhupha iifrikhwekhwethe zikanomathotholo. Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ye-FCC yeCandelo le-15, elawula izixhobo ezisebenza kwiifrikhwensi ze-9 kHz okanye ngaphezulu. Ithintela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo zombane, ukugcina intembeko yeenkqubo zonxibelelwano.

Abavelisi abafuna isatifikethi seFCC kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile:

• Lungiselela amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha, kubandakanywa iingxelo zovavanyo kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa.
• Ukuqhuba uvavanyo kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa.
• Ngenisa amaxwebhu ayimfuneko kwi-FCC ukuze yamkelwe.

Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezifuna isatifikethi seFCC ziquka iitotshi ezine-Wi-Fi, iimodeli ezineBluetooth, kunye nezinye iimveliso zombane eziphucukileyo. Ngokufumana esi satifikethi, abavelisi baqinisekisa ukuba iitotshi zabo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yolawulo yase-US, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kungene urhwebo olungenamagingxigingxi.

Zombini iziqinisekiso ze-CE kunye ne-FCC zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizatifikethi zesibane. Ngelixa i-CE igxile kukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo eYurophu, i-FCC iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic e-US Ndawonye, ​​baququzelela urhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokuthembela kwabathengi.

Umahluko oPhambili phakathi kwe-CE kunye ne-FCC iziQinisekiso

Ukusetyenziswa koMmandla

Izatifikethi zeCE kunye neFCC zisebenza kwiimarike ezahlukileyo. Isiqinisekiso se-CE sisebenza kwiimveliso ezithengiswa ngaphakathi kwiNdawo yoQoqosho yaseYurophu (EEA). Iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ye-EU enxulumene nokhuseleko, impilo kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ngokwahlukileyo, isatifikethi seFCC sinyanzelekile kwizixhobo zombane ezithengiswa eUnited States. Ijolise ekulawuleni ukukhutshwa kwe-electromagnetic ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano. Abavelisi kufuneka bamisele imarike ekujoliswe kuboiithotshiukuchonga inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuqinisekiswa.

Imigangatho kunye neeMfuno zoVavanyo

Imigangatho yovavanyo lwezatifikethi ze-CE kunye ne-FCC zahluke kakhulu. Isiqinisekiso se-CE sibandakanya uvavanyo olubanzi lokhuseleko lwemveliso, ukuhambelana kombane wombane (EMC), kunye nokungakhuseleki. Iqinisekisa ukuba isibane sisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye asiphazamisani nezinye izixhobo. Isatifikethi seFCC, nangona kunjalo, sigxile kuphela kuvavanyo lokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ayibandakanyi ukugonywa okanye uvavanyo lokhuseleko. Itheyibhile engezantsi igxininisa lo mahluko:

Abavelisi abafuna isatifikethi se-CE kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zovavanyo olubanzi ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nesiqinisekiso seFCC. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iitotshi ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza elindelekileyo kwimarike ye-EU.

Amaxwebhu kunye nokuFakwa kweelebhile

Zombini izatifikethi zifuna uxwebhu oluneenkcukacha kunye nokuleyibhile ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa iinkcukacha ziyahluka. Isiqinisekiso se-CE sigunyazisa ukulungiswa kwefayile yobugcisa, ebandakanya iingxelo zovavanyo, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, kunye neSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa. Uphawu lweCE kufuneka luncanyathiselwe kwimveliso, nto leyo ebonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-EU. Isatifikethi seFCC sifuna iingxelo zovavanyo, iinkcukacha zobugcisa, kunye ne-ID yeFCC. I-ID yeFCC kufuneka iboniswe kwimveliso, ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yase-US. Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye nokuleyibhile kubaluleke kakhulu ekungeneni kwimarike ngempumelelo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Ukunyanzeliswa kunye neZohlwayo zokungathobeli

Ukungahambelani ne-CE kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi se-FCC kunokubangela iziphumo ezibalulekileyo kubavelisi. Amagunya olawulo kwi-EU nase-US anyanzelisa izohlwayo ezingqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. La manyathelo akhusela abathengi kwaye agcine imfezeko yemarike.

Kwi-European Union, ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imigangatho yesatifikethi se-CE kunokukhokelela ekukhunjulweni kwemveliso, ukuvalwa kwentengiso, okanye izohlwayo zemali. Abasemagunyeni banokuwisa iintlawulo ezisekelwe kubuzaza bokwaphulwa komthetho. Umzekelo, iinkampani kumacandelo abalulekileyo, anje ngezempilo, zijongene nokuphononongwa. Ukungathotyelwa kwale mizi-mveliso kunokubangela ukumangalelwa, ukuvalelwa entolongweni, okanye nokurhoxiswa kwamaphepha-mvume okusebenza. Abavelisi kufuneka babeke phambili ukuthotyelwa ukuphepha le ngozi kwaye bakhusele isidima sabo.

E-United States, i-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) inyanzelisa izohlwayo ngokuphulwa kweemfuno zayo zesiqinisekiso. Iimveliso ezisilelayo ukufikelela kwimigangatho yeFCC zinokuthi zikhunjulwe okanye zisuswe kwimarike. Izohlwayo zemali nazo zinokuba ninzi. Ngo-2019, izohlwayo eziqhelekileyo zokungathobeli zifikelele kwi-145.33 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika. Ezi zohlwayo ziqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokuthobela imigaqo yeFCC, ngakumbi kwizixhobo zombane ezikhupha amaza erediyo.

Abavelisi banokunciphisa le mingcipheko ngokuphumeza iinkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ezomeleleyo. Ukwamkela imigangatho eyaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe, efana ne-ISO9001 kunye nezatifiketi ze-BSCI, kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okungaguqukiyo. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo eziphambili, ezinje ngoomatshini bovavanyo abangama-30 abakhoyo kwezinye iindawo, kunokuphucula ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Ngokuhlangabezana neemfuno zesatifikethi, abavelisi babonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo ekuveliseni iithotshi ezikhuselekileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu.

iziqinisekiso ngethotshizibalulekile ekufikeleleni kwiimarike zehlabathi. Ukungathobeli akubeka emngciphekweni ukungena kwimarike kuphela kodwa kukwabeka abavelisi kwiziphumo ezibi kakhulu zemali kunye nezomthetho. Amanyathelo asebenzayo, kubandakanywa uvavanyo olucokisekileyo kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo, anokunceda amashishini aphephe ezi zohlwayo kwaye agcine ukuthembana kwabathengi.

Amanyathelo okufumana iSatifikethi seCE seebanetshi

Ukuchonga izikhokelo kunye neMigangatho eSebenzayo

Abavelisi kufuneka baqalise inkqubo yoqinisekiso lweCE ngokuchonga imiyalelo kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo kwiitotshi zabo. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo ye-EU kwaye ligwema iimpazamo ezibizayo kamva kwinkqubo.

Ukumisela imiyalelo esebenzayo, abavelisi kufuneka:

1. Chaza umsebenzisi ojonge isibane.
2. Vavanya iimeko apho isibane siya kusetyenziswa khona.
3. Cacisa ukuba isibane sesasekhaya, kwimizi-mveliso okanye kwezolimo.
4. Chonga imarike ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye uqwalasele nayiphi na imimiselo yesizwe.

Emva kokucacisa ezi zinto, abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise iimfuno ezithile zemveliso kwaye bachonge imigangatho ehambelanayo. Kwiitotshi, oku kuhlala kubandakanya i-Low Voltage Directive (LVD) kunye ne-Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka badibane nequmrhu elazisiweyo ukuba liqhube uvavanyo lokuthobela oluzimeleyo. Ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo le miyalelo kubeka isiseko soqinisekiso lweziqinisekiso zesibane esiyimpumelelo.

UkuziphathaUvavanyo lweMveliso

Uvavanyo lwemveliso linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwe-CE. Iqinisekisa ukuba isibane siyahlangabezana nokhuseleko, impilo, kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo efunwa yimigaqo ye-EU. Uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho echongiweyo ehambelanayo.

Abavelisi kufuneka basebenzise iilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo ukwenza uvavanyo lokuhambelana kombane wombane, ukhuseleko lombane, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, iithotshi ezineebhetri ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zivavanywe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwe-LVD. Iimodeli eziphakamileyo, ezifana nezo zineziphumo ze-lumen ze-1000, zifuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba aziphazamisi ezinye izixhobo zombane.

Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo nolucokisekileyo alubonisi nje ukuthotyelwa kodwa lukwanyusa ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Abavelisi abaneenkqubo zolawulo lwekhwalithi ezomeleleyo, ezifana nesatifikethi se-ISO9001, bahlala behlengahlengisa eli nyathelo kwaye banciphise umngcipheko wokungathobeli.

Lungiselela uXwebhu lobuGcisa

Amaxwebhu obugcisa asebenza njengobungqina bokuba isibane sithobela imiyalelo ye-EU. Kufuneka iphelele, icwangciswe kakuhle, kwaye ifumaneke lula ukuze ihlolwe ngabasemagunyeni abalawulayo.

Amaxwebhu kufuneka abandakanye:

• Inkcazo ngokubanzi yesibane.
• Uyilo kunye nemizobo yokuvelisa, kubandakanywa icandelo kunye nemizobo yesekethe.
• Iinkcazo zemizobo kunye nemizobo.
• Uluhlu lwemigangatho ehambelanayo nengangqinelaniyo esetyenziswa ngexesha lovavanyo.
• Iingxelo zovavanyo, iimvavanyo zomngcipheko, kunye namaxwebhu okuthotyelwa kwamacandelo abalulekileyo.
• Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nekopi yesiBhengezo sokuThotyelwa.

Amaxwebhu angaphelelanga okanye alungiselelwe kakubi yimpazamo eqhelekileyo enokulibazisa ukuqinisekiswa. Abavelisi kufuneka babeke phambili ukuchaneka kwaye babandakanye iingcali ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa. Ngokugcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha, babonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo ekuveliseni iithotshi ezikhuselekileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu kwimarike yaseYurophu.

Faka uphawu lweCE

Ukuncamathelisa amanqaku e-CE linyathelo lokugqibela kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwezatifikethi. Olu phawu lusebenza njengesibhengezo esibonakalayo sokuba isibane sithobela yonke imiyalelo nemigangatho ye-EU esebenzayo. Abavelisi kufuneka balandele isikhokelo esithile ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa nokusetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo kwamanqaku e-CE.

Ukuncamathelisa uphawu lweCE ngokuchanekileyo, abavelisi kufuneka:

1. Qinisekisa ukuba isibane sidibana nazo zonke izikhokelo ze-EU, ezifana ne-Low Voltage Directive (LVD) kunye ne-Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive.
2. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu obugcisa kunye neSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kokuThotyelwa kugqibelele kwaye kuchanekile.
3. Beka uphawu lwe-CE kwimveliso ngokwayo, ukupakishwa kwayo, okanye amaxwebhu akhaphayo, uqinisekise ukuba ihlala ibonakala, iyafundeka, kwaye ayicimeki.

Amanqaku e-CE kufuneka ahambelane nemigaqo yoyilo echanekileyo. Kufuneka igcine ubude obuncinane be-5 mm kwaye ilandele imilinganiselo yokulinganisa echazwe kwimimiselo ye-EU. Nakuphi na ukutenxa kwezi mfuno kungakhokelela kwizohlwayo zokungathobeli.

Ingcebiso: Abavelisi abane-ISO9001 kunye neenkqubo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-BSCI zihlala zilungelelanisa eli nyathelo. Ezi ziqinisekiso zibonisa ukuzinikela kumgangatho ongaguqukiyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Uphawu lwe-CE aluququzeleli ukufikelela kwimarike kuphela kodwa lwakha ukuthembana kwabathengi. Iqinisekisa abathengi ukuba isibane sidibana nokhuseleko olungqongqo, impilo kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Kubavelisi, olu phawu lubonisa inzuzo yokukhuphisana, ngakumbi kwimarike apho ukuthembeka nokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokuthobela ezi zikhokelo, abavelisi banokuncamathelisa ngokuzithemba uphawu lwe-CE, beqinisekisa ukuba iitotshi zabo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-EU kwaye zilungele ukuhanjiswa kuMmandla woQoqosho waseYurophu.

Amanyathelo okuFumana iSatifikethi seFCC yeetotshi

Misela iFCC isiXhobo sokuGunyanyiswa koHlobo

Abavelisi kufuneka baqale bachonge uhlobo olufanelekileyo logunyaziso lwezixhobo zeFCC kwizibane zabo. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yase-US elawula izixhobo zombane ezikhupha amaza omoya. I-FCC ibonelela ngeenkqubo ezimbini zogunyaziso eziphambili, njengoko zichazwe ngezantsi:

Izibane ezineefitsha eziphambili, ezinje ngokuqhagamshelwa ngaphandle kwamacingo okanye ukukhanya okuphezulu, zihlala zifuna inkqubo yeSiqinisekiso. Abavelisi kufuneka bavavanye ngononophelo imilinganiselo yemveliso yabo ukuze bamisele inkqubo echanekileyo.

Ukuqhuba uvavanyo kwiLebhu eVunyiweyo

Uvavanyo kwilabhoratri evunyiweyo linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokufumana isatifikethi seFCC. Iilebhu ezivunyiweyo ziqinisekisa ukuba iithotshi ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yobugcisa efunekayo ukuze kuthotyelwe. Ukukhetha ilebhu elungileyo kubandakanya ukuqwalasela iindlela ezininzi eziphambili:

Ngexesha lovavanyo, iilebhu zivavanya ukukhutshwa kwe-electromagnetic yesibane ukuqinisekisa ukuba aziphazamisi ezinye izixhobo. Iimodeli zokusebenza okuphezulu, ezifana nezo zineziphumo ze-lumen ezili-1000, zivavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yeFCC yeSigaba se-15. Abavelisi kufuneka basebenzisane ngokusondeleyo nelebhu ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba evela ngexesha lovavanyo.

Ngenisa amaxwebhu kwiFCC

Emva kokugqiba uvavanyo, abavelisi kufuneka baqulunqe kwaye bangenise amaxwebhu afunekayo kwiFCC. Olu xwebhu lubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yeFCC kwaye lubandakanya ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nesibane.

Ilebhu yovavanyo ilungiselela ingxelo ebanzi, ebandakanya inkcazo yesibane, iinkqubo zovavanyo, kunye neziphumo. Amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo, njengeencwadana zabasebenzisi kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa, nazo ziyafuneka. Ezi mathiriyeli zingeniswa kwiFCC ukuze iqwalaselwe. I-FCC ivavanya idatha ukumisela ukuba isibane sihambelana nemigangatho efunekayo yokuthobela.

Amaxwebhu afanelekileyo abalulekile ekufumaneni isatifikethi seFCC. Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba zonke imathiriyeli zichanekile kwaye ziphelele ukuthintela ukulibaziseka kwinkqubo yokuvunywa. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, banokuhamba ngempumelelo inkqubo yoqinisekiso kwaye bafumane ukufikelela kwimarike yase-US.

Fumana i-ID yeFCC kwaye uleyibhelishe iMveliso

Ukufumana i-ID ye-FCC linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yoqinisekiso lwezibane ezinamalungu e-elektroniki. Esi sichongi sahlukileyo sinxulumanisa imveliso kwiirekhodi zayo zokuthobela kwiziko ledatha leFCC, iqinisekisa ukulandeleka kunye nothotyelo lolawulo. Abavelisi kufuneka balandele inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokukhusela i-ID yeFCC kwaye baleyibhelishe ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso zabo.

Ukufumana i-ID yeFCC, abavelisi kufuneka bangenise iziphumo zabo zovavanyo kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa kwi-FCC-recognized Telecommunication Certification Body (TCB). I-TCB ivavanya ukuthotyelwa kwesibane seFCC kwiSigaba 15 semigaqo. Yakube ivunyiwe, i-TCB yabela i-ID ye-FCC, ethi ibe sisazisi esisisigxina semveliso. Le ID kufuneka ibandakanywe kuwo onke amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kwaye iboniswe kwithotshi.

Ukuleyibhile okufanelekileyo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo kwiitotshi eziqinisekisiweyo zeFCC. Iimfuno zokuleyibheli ziqinisekisa ukuba abathengi kunye nabasemagunyeni bangazichonga ngokulula izixhobo ezithobelayo. Abavelisi kufuneka balandele le migaqo ilandelayo:

• Bonisa ilogo yeFCC okanye isihlonzi kwisibane okanye kwipakethelo yayo.
• Bandakanya ingxelo yokuthotyelwa kwincwadi yomsebenzisi okanye ukupakishwa, eqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo siyahambelana nemigaqo yeFCC yeSigaba se-15.

Ingcebiso: Ileyibhile yeFCC kufuneka ihlale ibonakala, ifundeka, kwaye ingacimeki kubomi bemveliso. Ukungathotyelwa kwemigangatho yokuleyibheli kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo okanye kwizithintelo zemarike.

Ngokulandela la manyathelo, abavelisi babonisa ukuzinikela kwabo kumgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa. Iinkampani ezineziqinisekiso ze-ISO9001 kunye ne-BSCI zihlala zilungelelanisa le nkqubo, zisebenzise iinkqubo zazo zomgangatho owomeleleyo kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo oluphambili. Ukuleyibhile okufanelekileyo akuqinisekisi kuphela ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kodwa kwandisa ukuthembana kwabathengi, ukubeka isibane njengemveliso ethembekileyo nekumgangatho ophezulu kukhuphiswano lwemalike yase-US.

Imiceli mngeni eqhelekileyo kunye neeNgcebiso zeZatifikethi zeFlashlight

Ukukhangela iMimiselo entsonkothileyo

Ukuhamba ngenkangeleko yolawulo lweziqinisekiso zetotshi kunokoyikisa. Imarike nganye ineemfuno ezizodwa, kwaye abavelisi kufuneka bahlale benolwazi malunga nohlaziyo lwamva nje. Umzekelo, iManyano yaseYurophu inyanzelisa izikhokelo ezifana ne-Low Voltage Directive (LVD) kunye ne-Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive. EUnited States, iFederal Communications Commission (FCC) ilawula izixhobo zombane ezikhupha amaza onomathotholo. Ukutolika ngendlela engeyiyo le migaqo kunokukhokelela ekungathotyelwani, okukhokelela kwiintlawulo okanye ukukhunjuzwa kwemveliso.

Abavelisi kufuneka basebenzise indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokulawula ezi ngxaki. Banokuqala ngokuchonga iziqinisekiso ezithile ezifunekayo kwiimarike zabo ekujoliswe kuzo. Ukudibana rhoqo namaqumrhu asemthethweni alawulayo kunye noshicilelo lweshishini lunceda ukuba bahlale behlaziywa ngotshintsho. Ukusebenzisana neengcaphephe zezatifikethi kukwabonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kwizicwangciso zokuthobela. La manyathelo aqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi bahlala besebenza kwaye baphephe iimpazamo ezibiza kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa uVavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye noxwebhu

Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye namaxwebhu acokisekileyo abalulekile kwizatifikethi eziyimpumelelo zesibane. Uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza, ngelixa amaxwebhu asebenza njengobungqina bokuthotyelwa. Iimpazamo kuyo nayiphi na indawo zinokulibazisa isatifikethi okanye zikhokelela ekukhatyweni.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, abavelisi kufuneka balandele iindlela ezifanelekileyo:

• Chonga izatifikethi ezifanelekileyo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zemarike.
• Yahlula imigaqo yokuqinisekisa kwaye uqeqeshe abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukusebenzisana namaqumrhu ovavanyo avunyiweyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokuzimeleyo.
• Ukuqhuba uphicotho rhoqo ukugcina ukuthotyelwa kwexesha.

Amaxwebhu akumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka abandakanye iingxelo zovavanyo ezineenkcukacha, iinkcukacha zobugcisa, kunye neencwadana zabasebenzisi. Abavelisi abaneenkqubo zomgangatho oqinisekisiweyo we-ISO9001 bahlala beyilungelelanisa le nkqubo, besebenzisa izikhokelo zabo ezomeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Ngokubeka phambili ukuchaneka, baphucula ukuthembeka kwemveliso kwaye bakhe ukuthembana kwabathengi.

Ukusebenza neengcaphephe zezatifikethi

Iingcali zezatifiketi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni lula inkqubo yokuthotyelwa. Ezi ngcali zinolwazi olunzulu ngemigangatho yolawulo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo. Bakhokela abavelisi kwinyathelo ngalinye, ukusuka ekuchongeni izikhokelo ezisebenzayo ukulungiselela amaxwebhu obugcisa.

Iingcali zokuzibandakanya zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Banceda abavelisi batolike imimiselo enzima kwaye baphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo. Amava abo ngeelebhu zokuvavanya aqinisekisa uvavanyo olusebenzayo noluchanekileyo. Ukongeza, iingcali zibonelela ngeengcebiso ezilungiselelweyo, ezivumela abavelisi ukuba bajongane nemingeni ekhethekileyo. Iinkampani ezinamava abanzi, ezinjengezo zineminyaka eli-10 ekuthumeleni nasekuveliseni, zihlala zisebenzisana neengcali ukwandisa iinkqubo zazo zokuqinisekisa.

Ngokusebenza neengcaphephe zezatifiketi, abavelisi banokujonga imiqobo yokulawula ngokufanelekileyo. Le ntsebenziswano ayiqinisekisi kuphela ukuthotyelwa kodwa ikwakhawulezisa ukungena kwimarike, inika amashishini ithuba lokukhuphisana.

Ukuhlala uHlaziywa kwiiNguqu eziLawulayo

Utshintsho olulawulayo lunokuba nefuthe kakhulu kwizatifikethi zetotshi, zenze ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abavelisi bahlale benolwazi. Zombini izatifikethi ze-CE kunye neFCC zihlala zihlaziya imigangatho yazo ukujongana nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye neemfuneko zokhuseleko eziguqukayo. Abavelisi abangaphumeleliyo ukubeka esweni olu tshintsho babeka ingozi yokungathotyelwa, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwizohlwayo okanye ukuthintelwa ukufikelela kwimarike.

Ukuze bahlale behlaziywa, abavelisi kufuneka basebenzise indlela esebenzayo. Ukuphonononga rhoqo upapasho olusemthethweni oluvela kumaqumrhu alawulayo, njengeKhomishoni yaseYurophu yesatifikethi se-CE kunye neKhomishini yoNxibelelwano ye-Federal (FCC) yemigangatho yase-US, kubalulekile. Ukubhalisela iileta zeendaba zoshishino kunye nokuya kwimiboniso yezorhwebo nako kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwiinguqu ezizayo. Ukusebenzisana neengcali zezatifiketi kuqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi bafumana iingcebiso kwangethuba ezilungiselelwe iimveliso zabo.

Uhlaziyo lwakutsha nje luqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokuhlala unolwazi. Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza izatifikethi eziphambili kunye nemimandla yazo ekugxilwe kuyo:

Abavelisi abaneenkqubo zomgangatho ezomeleleyo, ezifana ne-ISO9001 kunye nezatifikethi ze-BSCI, zihlala zilungelelanisa ukuthotyelwa kwale migangatho iphuhlayo. Amaziko ovavanyo oluphezulu, axhotyiswe ngoomatshini bokuvavanya abangama-30, enze uvavanyo oluchanekileyo oluhambelana nemigaqo ehlaziyiweyo. Iinkampani ezinamava abanzi ekuthumeleni nasekuveliseni, ezithatha iminyaka elishumi, zikhulisa ubungcali bazo ukuze zilungelelanise ngokukhawuleza utshintsho.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni iimfuno ezintsha. Ukulungelelanisa iithotshi ukuze zithobele imiyalelo ethile kuqinisekisa uqinisekiso olungenamthungo. Umzekelo, ukudityaniswa kweempawu ezinje nge-electromagnetic shielding okanye izixhobo eziphuculweyo zokhuseleko kunokujongana nemigangatho engqongqo. Ngokubeka phambili ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokugcina intsebenziswano eqinile kunye neengcali zolawulo, abavelisi banokuhamba ngeenguqu ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bagcine ukukhuphisana kweemarike.

Ingcebiso: Ukuseka iqela elizinikeleyo lokuthobela kunokunceda abavelisi balandelele uhlaziyo lolawulo kunye nokuphumeza uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuhlala uhlaziywa kwiinguqu zolawulo akuqinisekisi ukuthotyelwa kuphela kodwa komeleza isidima somenzi ngokuthembeka kunye nomgangatho. Le ndlela isebenzayo yakha ukuthembana kwabathengi kwaye ikhusela impumelelo yexesha elide kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo.

Izatifikethi ze-CE kunye ne-FCC zibalulekile ekufikeleleni kwiimarike ze-EU kunye ne-US, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko lwengingqi kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza. Abavelisi bayazuza ngokuyila iimveliso kunye nesatifikethi engqondweni kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo lwangaphambili ukuze kulungiswe inkqubo. Ezi zatifikethi zenza lula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, zinciphisa ulibaziseko lwempahla, kwaye ziphucula ukuthembana kwabathengi. Ukuhlala unolwazi malunga nohlaziyo olulawulayo kunye nokusebenzisana neengcali zomeleza izikhokelo zokuthobela kwaye kunciphisa imingcipheko. Ngokubeka phambili iziqinisekiso zetotshi, amashishini akhusela imisebenzi yawo, azahlula kubantu abakhuphisana nawo, kwaye andise ukufikelela kwawo kwihlabathi liphela.

FAQ

Yintoni ukubaluleka kweziqinisekiso zeCE kunye neFCC kwizibane?

Izatifikethi ze-CE kunye neFCC ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko lwengingqi kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CE kunyanzelekile kwimarike ye-EU, ngelixa i-FCC ifunwa e-US. Ezi ziqinisekiso zakha ukuthembana kwabathengi, ukwenza lula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezohlwayo okanye ukukhunjuzwa kwemveliso.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana isiqinisekiso seCE okanye seFCC?

Umgca wexesha uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima bemveliso kunye nenkqubo yokuvavanya. Ngokomyinge, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CE kuthatha iiveki ezi-4-6, ngelixa ukuqinisekiswa kweFCC kunokuthatha iiveki ezi-2-4. Ukusebenza nabavelisi abanamava abaneenkqubo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ISO9001 kunokulungelelanisa inkqubo.

Ngaba abavelisi bayakwazi ukwenza iitotshi ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zesatifikethi?

Ewe, abavelisi abanamava abanzi kunye nezixhobo eziphucukileyo bangenza ngokwezifiso iithotshi ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho ethile yoqinisekiso. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa isikhuselo sombane okanye ukongezwa kweempawu zokhuseleko kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweCE kunye nemithetho yeFCC. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kukwajongana neemfuno zeemarike ezizodwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba isibane asiphumeleli kuvavanyo lwesiqinisekiso?

Ukuba isibane siyasilela kuvavanyo, abavelisi kufuneka bachonge kwaye basombulule imiba. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuyilwa ngokutsha kwezinto okanye ukuphucula ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic. Ukubambisana neengcali zesatifikethi kunye nokusebenzisa oomatshini bokuvavanya abaphezulu kuqinisekisa uvavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nesisombululo esikhawulezayo.

Ingaba izatifikethi ziyichaphazela njani intengiso yesibane?

Izatifikethi ezifana ne-CE kunye neFCC ziphucula ukuthembeka kwetotshi kunye nokuthengiswa. Baqinisekisa abathengi ngokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wemveliso. Ukongeza, iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo zijongene nokulibaziseka okumbalwa kwaye zifumana ukufikelela lula kwiimarike zehlabathi, ukunika abavelisi umda wokukhuphisana.

Ingcebiso: Ukusebenzisana nabavelisi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yamava kunye neenkqubo zomgangatho oqinileyo ziqinisekisa iimveliso ezithembekileyo nezithobelayo.