Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngobunjineli obukhethekileyo kwiibhrendi: Uvavanyo lwe-IP kunye neSatifikethi sokuQina

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zifumana uyilo olucokisekileyo kunye novavanyo oluqinileyo. Zifezekisa ukulinganiswa kwe-IP ethile kunye neziqinisekiso zokuqina. Le nkqubo ibanzi iqinisekisa imigangatho yokusebenza echanekileyo kunye nokuthembeka kwezicelo ezithile. Izisombululo zokukhanyisa ezenzelwe wena ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nezinzima. Ezi zixhobo zikhethekileyo zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zoshishino.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingcono kunezo ziqhelekileyo. Zihambelana ngqo neemfuno zophawu. Zisebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinzima.
• Uvavanyo lwe-IPbonisa indlela isibane sentloko esigcina ngayo ukungcola namanzi. Amanani aphezulu athetha ukhuseleko olungakumbi. Oku kunceda izibane zentloko zihlale ixesha elide.
• Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zinceda iimpawu zibukeke zintle. Ziyabonwabisa abathengi. Zikwalandela nemithetho ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko.

Ukubaluleka kwezibane zentloko ezenziwe ngobunjineli obukhethekileyo

Kutheni izisombululo ezingezizo ezeshelufu zingaphumeleli kwiibhrendi

Iphumile kwishelufaizisombululo zezibane zentlokozihlala zisilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zeebhrendi zanamhlanje. Ezi mveliso eziqhelekileyo azinazo iimpawu zokusebenza ezichanekileyo ezifunekayo kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo. Azinakudibana ngokungenamthungo noyilo lwemveliso ekhethekileyo okanye ubuhle bebhrendi. Ngaphezu koko, izibane zentloko eziqhelekileyo azinazo iimpawu eziphambili ezifunekayo ukuze kusebenze kakuhle kwiindawo ezinzima. Iibhrendi zifuna izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezibonisa ukuzinikela kwazo kumgangatho kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Iinketho eziqhelekileyo aziboneleli ngolu hlobo lokwenza ngokwezifiso okanye ukusebenza.

Ixabiso loYilo oluHleliweyo kunye nokusebenza

Uyilo lwezibane zentloko ezenzelwe wenaInika inzuzo enkulu yokhuphiswano kwiibhrendi. Iguqula ukukhanya ukusuka kwinxalenye esisiseko ukuya kwinkqubo engaphantsi edibeneyo, ekhokelwa bubukrelekrele. Le nkqubo incinci idlala indima ebonakalayo ekuhlukaniseni uphawu kunye noyilo olusebenzayo lokhuseleko. Iibhrendi zisebenzisa izisombululo zokukhanya eziqinileyo ezifana ne-LED, i-OLED, kunye neendlela ze-laser ukuze zisebenze kakuhle, zihombise, kwaye zilawule. Ngokukodwa, i-Matrix LED kunye ne-Pixel LED zivumela ukubumba kwe-beam ephucukileyo kunye neepateni ezicolekileyo. Ezi teknoloji zidala iimpawu zokukhanya ezikhethekileyo, ezikhethekileyo. Inzuzo yokhuphiswano ikwavela ekuthembekeni okubonisiweyo kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa ophezulu. Amaqonga eemodyuli ahambelana neentsapho ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Ukudibanisa isoftware yolawulo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-sensor kuguqulela i-hardware yokukhanyisa ibe ngumsebenzi owahlukileyo wokhuseleko olusebenzayo. Oku kuhambelana neemfuno zebhrendi kunye nolindelo lolawulo, kuthethelela ukubeka iprimiyamu kunye nokuphucula ixabiso elibonwayo. Utyalo-mali kwipropathi yengqondo, kubandakanya iipatenti ze-optical, abaqhubi be-semiconductor, kunye nesoftware yolawulo, zisebenza njengezinto eziphambili zokwahlula impumelelo yexesha elide.

Impembelelo kwiDumo loRhwebo kunye namava omsebenzisi

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziphucula ngokuthe ngqo udumo lophawu kwaye ziphucula amava omsebenzisi. Xa uphawu lunikezela ngesibane sentloko esifanelekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo ekusetyenzisweni kwaso, lubonisa ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha kunye nokuzinikela kumgangatho. Abasebenzisi bayazuza ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, ukuthembeka, kunye nentuthuzelo. La mava amnandi akhuthaza ukuthembana nokuthembeka. Isibane sentloko esiyilwe kakuhle, esihlala ixesha elide sinciphisa ukukhungatheka okunokubakho kunye namabango ewaranti. Ekugqibeleni, siqinisa umfanekiso wophawu njengomboneleli weemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezithembekileyo.

Ukuqonda ii-IP Ratings ze-Headlights ezenziwe ngokwezifiso

Yintoni i-IP Rating? (Ukhuseleko lokungena)

Uvavanyo lwe-IP yinkqubo emiselweyo. Ibonisa inqanaba lokhuseleko lwesixhobo se-elektroniki kwizinto ezingcolisayo neziqinileyo. Olu vavanyo lubonakala njenge-'IPXX'. 'IP' ithetha uKhuseleko lokungena. Ezi 'X' zimbini zimele izalathisi zamanani zokhuseleko oluqinileyo nolwelo, ngokwahlukeneyo. Uvavanyo lwe-IP ludla ngokuba ngamacandelo amabini. Idijithi yokuqala emva kwe-'IP' ithetha ukumelana nothuli. Idijithi yesibini ithetha ukumelana nolwelo. IKhomishini ye-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) yavelisa olu vavanyo ngo-1976.

Ukucacisa iKhowudi ye-IP: Ukukhuselwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo

Kwireyithingi ye-IP, inani lokuqala lichaza ukhuseleko kwizinto eziqinileyo ezifana nothuli. Inani lesibini libhekisa kukhuseleko kumswakama. Inani ngalinye limele uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lokungena komzimba wangaphandle kunye nokukhuselwa komswakama. Inani lokuqala lekhowudi ye-IP libonisa inqanaba lokhuseleko olunikezelwa yi-enclosure ngokuchasene nokufikelela kwiindawo ezinobungozi kunye nokungena kwezinto eziqinileyo zangaphandle. Inani lesibini libonisa inqanaba lokhuseleko olunikezelwa yi-enclosure ngokuchasene nokungena kwamanzi okuyingozi.

Iireyithingi ze-IP eziqhelekileyo kunye neziphumo zazo kwizibane zentloko

Iireyithingi ezahlukeneyo ze-IP zinefuthe elithile ekusebenzeni kwezibane zentloko. Umzekelo, ireyithingi ye-IP67 ibonisa ukuba isibane sentloko asingeni uthuli ngokupheleleyo. Singakwazi ukumelana nokuntywiliselwa ngamanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwimitha e-1 ubunzulu imizuzu engama-30. Olu vavanyo lwenza izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zifaneleke kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqinileyo. Oku kuquka iindawo ezikunxweme, iidokhi, iifektri, kunye neendawo zokwakha. Izibane zentloko ze-IP67 zikwalungele imithombo yamanzi egqithisileyo, izibane ezisecaleni kwechibi, amachibi okudada, izibane ezifihliweyo, izibane zasefektri ezingaqhumiyo, izibane ezingaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nezibane zasebaleni eliphezulu ngenxa yokuthintela kwazo amanzi. I-IPX7, inxalenye ye-IP67 yokumelana namanzi, ibonisa amandla okungena kwamanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwimitha e-1 imizuzu engama-30. Eli nqanaba lokhuseleko lilungile kakhulu kwiindawo ezinemingcipheko yokuntywiliselwa ngengozi. Iinjineli ezihlola izakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zihlala zixhomekeke kwizibane zentloko ezinereyithingi ye-IPX7 okanye ye-IPX8. Oku kubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kumsebenzi odinga amanzi amaninzi.

Ukufezekisa iiRatings ezithile ze-IP ngokusebenzisa ubunjineli obuqhelekileyo

Ukufikelela kwiireyithingi ezithile ze-IP kwizibane zentloko kufuna indlela yobunjineli eyenziwe ngokwezifiso enobuchule. Le nkqubo idlula ekukhetheni izinto ezingasetyenziswanga. Ibandakanya uyilo oludibeneyo, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, kunye novavanyo oluqatha. Iinjineli zichaza ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba le-IP elifunekayo kwasekuqaleni kwesigaba soyilo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana nemingeni yokusingqongileyo.

Ukhetho loyilo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ukungena. Abayili benza iindawo ezivalekileyo. Basebenzisa isoftware ye-CAD ephucukileyo ukwenza iimodeli zejometri ezintsonkothileyo. Ezi zakhiwo zinciphisa iindawo zokungena ezinokungena uthuli namanzi. Iindawo ezenziwe ngomatshini ochanekileyo ziqinisekisa ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo. Oku kuthintela izithuba apho ungcoliseko lunokungena khona. Ukubekwa kwecandelo ngaphakathi kwesibane sentloko nako kubalulekile. Iinjineli zibeka izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibuthathaka ngobuchule kude neendawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ziqwalasela iindawo ezinokubakho zoxinzelelo ngexesha lokuchaphazeleka okanye ukuntywila.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zexabiso lelinye ilitye elibalulekileyo lokufikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu e-IP. Abavelisi basebenzisa iiplastiki kunye neentsimbi ezikhethekileyo. Ezi zinto ziyamelana nokugqwala kunye nokonakaliswa zizinto ezingqongileyo. Iigasket kunye nee-O-rings zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuvala. Iinjineli zikhetha ezi zinto ngokusekelwe kwiseti yazo yoxinzelelo, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nobubanzi bobushushu. Iirabha zesilicone kunye ne-EPDM zizinto eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezintle zokuvala. Iingubo ezikhethekileyo zinokuphucula ukhuseleko lomphezulu. Ezi ngubo ziyawagxotha amanzi kunye nothuli. Zongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokuzikhusela ekungeneni.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokwayo kufuneka igcine ukuthembeka kwe-IP. Imigca yokuhlanganisa ezenzekelayo iqinisekisa umgangatho ohambelanayo. Iinkqubo zerobhothi zisebenzisa izitywini ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuwelda nge-ultrasonic kudala ukubopha okuqinileyo nokungenamthungo phakathi kwezixhobo zendlu. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho kwenzeka kwinqanaba ngalinye. Olu kuhlolwa luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezitywini kunye namalungu. Luqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphene zokwenza izinto ezibeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwesibane sentloko.

Iiprotokholi zovavanyo oluqinileyo ziqinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwe-IP okufezekisiweyo.Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifisobadlula kuthotho lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Amagumbi othuli alinganisa iindawo ezinzima zeenxalenye. Iijethi zamanzi kunye neetanki zokuntywila zivavanya ukungena kolwelo. Ezi mvavanyo ziqinisekisa amandla esibane sentloko okumelana neemeko ezithile. Umzekelo, umlinganiselo we-IP68 ufuna uvavanyo lokuntywila oluqhubekayo phantsi koxinzelelo oluchaziweyo kunye nobude bexesha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sihlala sisebenza ngokupheleleyo emva kokuvezwa. Le ndlela ibanzi iqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwindawo yaso.

Isiqinisekiso Sokuqina Ngaphaya Kokhuseleko Lokungena Kwezibane Zentloko Ezilungiselelweyo

Ukuchaza Ukuqina Kokusebenza Kwesibane Sentloko

Ukuqina kokusebenza kwesibane sentloko kudlulela ngaphaya kokhuseleko lokungena olulula. Kubandakanya amandla esibane sentloko okumelana noxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo lomzimba nolwendalo kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwaso. Izalathisi zokusebenza eziphambili zichaza olu kuqina lupheleleyo. Ukumelana namanzi, okudla ngokubonakaliswa luvavanyo lwe-IP, kuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa ekutshizeni okanye ukuntywiliselwa okufutshane. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-IPX4 lubonisa amandla okumelana nokutshizwa, ngelixa i-IPX7 ivumela ukuntywiliselwa okufutshane. Ukumelana nempembelelo yenye into ebalulekileyo. Izibane zentloko zifezekisa oku ngezinto zokuhlala ezihlala ixesha elide, ezifana nolwakhiwo lweplastiki oluphezulu okanye i-aluminium, ezithintela ukuqhekeka xa kusiwa.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuqina kwayo yonke into. Umzekelo, imizimba ye-aluminium alloy inika ukumelana okuphezulu kwiimpembelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ubomi obulindelekileyo bukwanegalelo ekuqineni. Ngelixa izibane ze-HID zihlala iiyure ezingama-2,000 ukuya kuma-3,000, izibane ze-LED kunye ne-laser ziqhayisa ngobomi obuhlala iiyure ezingama-2,000. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kubandakanya imozulu embi njengobushushu, ikhephu, nemvula, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwendlela okubangela ukungcangcazela, kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubude bexesha lezibane ze-headlight. Umgangatho kunye nokufakelwa nako kudlala indima; ukufakwa ngokuchanekileyo ngezinto eziqinileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu kuphucula ukuqina. Ngaphezu koko, iindlela zokulungisa rhoqo, ezinje ngokujonga umonakalo, ukucoca, kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto ngexesha elifanelekileyo, zinegalelo ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo.

Iziqinisekiso kunye neMigangatho yoKuhlala ixesha elide (umz., Ikhowudi ye-IK, i-MIL-STD-810G, i-NFPA-1971)

Iziqinisekiso ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kunye nemigangatho ziqinisekisa ukuqina kwesibane sentloko ngaphaya komgangatho waso we-IP. IKhowudi ye-IK, okanye iKhowudi yoKhuseleko lweMpembelelo, ilinganisa ngokukodwa umgangatho wokhuseleko olunikezelwa ziindawo ezivalekileyo nxamnye neempembelelo zangaphandle zoomatshini. Umgangatho we-IK, ofana ne-IK08, ubonisa amandla esibane sentloko okumelana namandla athile empembelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo saso phantsi koxinzelelo lomzimba.

Umgangatho we-MIL-STD-810G, isikhokelo somkhosi, uchaza iinkqubo zovavanyo oluqatha lwezinto eziqwalaselwayo zobunjineli bendalo kunye novavanyo lwelebhu. Lo mgangatho uqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zinokunyamezela iimeko ezinzima. Kwizibane zentloko, i-MIL-STD-810G ifuna ukuba imveliso inyamezele amazinga aphezulu okufuma kunye nokumelana notshintsho olukhulu lobushushu. Ikwavavanya ukumelana nothuli, uxinzelelo oluphantsi, kunye nefuthe loomatshini. Olu vavanyo lupheleleyo luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwiindawo zokusebenza ezifuna amandla.

Eminye imigangatho ebalulekileyo ibandakanya i-NFPA-1971, echaza iimfuno zee-ensembles zokukhusela umlilo kwisakhiwo. Izibane zentloko ezenzelwe abacimi-mlilo kufuneka zihlangabezane nale migangatho ingqongqo, ziqinisekise ukuba zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kubushushu obugqithisileyo, umsi, kunye namanzi. Ngaphaya kwezi, imithetho eyahlukeneyo ye-optical, efana ne-ECE R112, CIE 188, SAE J1383-1996, kunye ne-GB 4599-2007, ichaza ukusasazwa kokukhanya, iipateni zemitha, amandla e-optical, kunye nobushushu bombala. Imigangatho yombane, ubushushu-umswakama, kunye noomatshini nayo ikhona. Ezi ziquka imithetho ye-humidity (AMEC FMVSS 108), uthuli (Portland ASTM C150-77/ FMVSS 108), i-anti-chemicals (FMVSS 108), kunye nokuhambelana kwe-EM (ECE R10).

Iindlela zoVavanyo oluQhubekekileyo lokuQina iZibane zeNtloko

Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela zokuvavanya ezingqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesibane sentloko. Ezi mvavanyo zidlula ngaphaya kokuhlolwa okubonakalayo, zibeka iinkqubo zokukhanyisa kwiingcinezelo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezoomatshini. Oku kuvavanya amandla azo okumelana nokuguga nokukrazuka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Uvavanyo lokusingqongileyo lubeka izibane zentloko kwiimeko ezifana nobushushu obugqithisileyo, amanqanaba omswakama ahlukeneyo, kunye nokungcangcazela okuqhubekayo. Oku kuvavanya ukusebenza kwazo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Uvavanyo lokungcangcazela kunye nohlalutyo, isisombululo esithile sovavanyo lweemoto, luvavanya amandla esibane sentloko okunyamezela ukushukuma kunye nokuhamba ixesha elide ngaphandle kokusilela kwesakhiwo okanye ukusebenza.

Ukumelana neempembelelo kufunyanwa luvavanyo olupheleleyo ngovavanyo olufana 'noVavanyo lokuDonsa kwaMahala' oluchazwe kwi-MIL-STD-810G. Iimveliso zikhutshwa amaxesha amaninzi ukusuka kubude obuthile, umzekelo, amaxesha angama-26 ukusuka kwi-122 cm. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba zinokumelana neempembelelo ezinkulu ngaphandle komonakalo, ngaloo ndlela kuvavanywa ukumelana kwazo neempembelelo ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi protocol zovavanyo ezipheleleyo ziqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokuthembeka kunye nexesha elide kwizicelo zazo ezicetywayo.

Isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo ukuze kubekho ukuqina okuphuculweyo

Isayensi yezinto ezisemgangathweni kunye noyilo olucwangcisiweyo lwesakhiwo luphucula kakhulu ukuqina kwezibane zentloko. Iinjineli zikhetha izinto ezithile zecandelo ngalinye. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobude bexesha phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukumelana kwesibane sentloko kwimpembelelo, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nokonakaliswa kwendalo.

Kwiilensi zezibane zentloko,I-Polycarbonate (iPC)Inika ukumelana okumangalisayo nokuchasana nempembelelo. Ikhusela kwimfucuza yendlela. I-PC ikwabonelela ngokukhanya okuphezulu, iqinisekisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Iindlu kunye nee-reflectors zihlala zisebenzisaI-Nylon eQinisekisiweyo ngeeMineralLe nto inika uzinzo oluphuculweyo lobushushu, nto leyo enciphisa ukugoba. Igcina ukuqina okuphezulu nokuba kubushushu obugqithisileyo. I-nylon eqiniswe ziiminerali ikwabonelela ngomphezulu ogudileyo. Kwizigqubuthelo ezibonakala ngokucacileyo,I-PMMA (i-Acrylic)lukhetho oluhle kakhulu. Igcina ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwe-92%. I-PMMA ikwanokumelana nokukrwela okugqwesileyo.

Izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu kwiindawo ezingezizo izakhiwo, ezifana nezigqubuthelo zokukhanya kwasemva, zihlala zibandakanyaI-Polypropylene eguquliweyo (PP)Le nto inika iipropati ezilula kunye nokumelana okukhulu kweekhemikhali. Kwizinto ezichanekileyo kakhulu, ezinje ngeebrakethi zezixhobo zokulungisa kunye neendawo zokugcina,I-Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)ifanelekile. I-PBT inika uzinzo kubushushu nakwikhemikhali. Ikwanazo neempawu zokungqubana eziphantsi. Izinto zokuhombisa nezolwakhiwo ziyazuza kwiI-ABS kunye ne-PC/ABS AlloyEzi zinto zibonelela ngokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka kobuhle.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ngamnye, iindlela ezintsha zomeleza ukuqina kwazo.Izinto zeHybriddibanisa izinto ezifana ne-PBT kunye neeminerali. Oku kufezekisa ulungelelwaniso lwamandla empembelelo kunye nozinzo olulinganayo. Olu hlobo lokudibanisa luluncedo kwiindawo ezihlala ixesha elide nezichanekileyo zesakhiwo.I-Nanograde Nylon, ngakumbi iNanograde PA6, ivumela iplating engenaprimer. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ngokunciphisa ixesha lokucubungula kunye neendleko. Ikwagcina umphezulu ugqibelele kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko,Iingubo eziPhambilizidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Iileya zanamhlanje ezimelana ne-UV kunye nokukrwela zandisa ubomi belensi. Ziqinisekisa ukucaca okuhlala ixesha elide kwaye zinciphisa iimfuno zokugcinwa kwiimeko ezinzima. Olu khetho lwezinto kunye noyilo ludibanisa ukudala izibane zentloko ezimelana neemeko ezinzima kwaye zibonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo iminyaka.

Inkqubo yoBunjineli obuKhethekileyo: Ukusuka kwiConcept ukuya kwiHeadwist Headlamp

Ukuqokelelwa kweeMfuno zokuqala zeMfuno zeNdalo kunye nokusebenza

Uhambo oluya kwisibane sentloko esiqinisekisiweyo luqala ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo indawo esijonge kuyo kunye nolindelo lokusebenza. Iinjineli ziqwalasela zombini uyilo lweenkqubo zokukhanyisa kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zehlabathi lokwenyani kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso zazo. Eli nqanaba lokuqala lichaza iiparameter ezibalulekileyo. Liquka:

• Uvavanyo lweFotometri: Oku kulinganisa ubukhali bokukhanya kunye nokusasazwa.
• Uvavanyo loMbala: Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sikhupha ubude bemibala obuchanekileyo.
• Uvavanyo Lokuqina: Oku kuvavanya ukumelana nokungcangcazela, uthuli, ukufuma kunye nokugqwala.
• Uvavanyo lwePlastiki kunye nezixhobo zokukhanya: Olu vavanyo luvavanya izixhobo zelensi ukuze zibone ukuba zinokumelana nobushushu, i-UV, kunye nokumelana nemozulu.
• Uvavanyo lokuJonga nokuLungelelanisa: Oku kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela ukukhanya.
• Iimfuneko ze-Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB): Oku kubandakanya uvavanyo olutshintshayo lwexesha langempela lweenkqubo ezilungelelanisa ithrafikhi.

Izibane eziphumelela uvavanyo lwe-photometric lwelebhu zisenokungaphumeleli kwiimeko zokwenyani ngenxa yothuli, ukufuma, okanye ukungcangcazela. Ke ngoko, iinjineli zifaka ukuqina okuqinileyo kwinkqubo yoyilo kwasekuqaleni.

Uyilo kunye nePrototype ye-IP kunye neMigangatho yokuZinza

Iuyilo kunye neprototypingIsigaba siguqulela iimfuno kwiimo eziphathekayo. Le nkqubo iphindaphindayo iqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko siyahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo ye-IP kunye nokuqina. Amanqanaba aphambili aquka:

1. Amaxwebhu Okufaka Uyilo: Amaqela achaza iinkcukacha zokusebenza. Oku kuquka ubukhali bokukhanya, ukusasazeka kwemitha, ubomi bebhetri, uhlobo lokutshintsha, intuthuzelo, kunye nemida yobunzima.
2. Uyilo lweNkqubo oluSisekoIinjineli zidwelisa ulwalamano phakathi kwezinto. Ezi zinto ziquka i-LED module, ilensi, ibhetri, intambo, iswitshi, i-housing, kunye nezinto zokuvala.
3. Iimodeli zoYilo lweMizi-mveliso: Abayili badala iingcamango ze-3D zokuqala okanye iimodeli ezibonakalayo. Bahlola i-ergonomics, ukulingana, kunye nokulungelelaniswa.
4. Ulwakhiwo lwePrototype (Alpha)Amaqela akha iiyunithi zovavanyo ezisebenzayo. Asebenzisa izinto ezingasetyenziswanga apho kunokwenzeka khona. Abhala imiba enxulumene nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuvalwa kwamanzi, ukusebenza kokukhanya, kunye nentuthuzelo yomsebenzisi.
5. Isakhelo sovavanyoAmaqela abhala isicwangciso esilula sovavanyo lokusebenza koomatshini nombane. Agxila ekuqinisekiseni iimfuno zabasebenzisi kunye nokuqina kokucoca.
6. Useto lweSakhiwo seFayileAmaqela aququzelela amaxwebhu alawulwa yinguqulelo. Oku kuthintela ukudideka kamva.

Umatshini wokulungisa izibane zentloko (CNC machining) yindlela ephambili yokwenza iiprototyping zezibane zentloko. Inika impendulo ekhawulezayo, amaxesha amafutshane okutshintsha, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu. Kwizinto ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezifana nee-bezels kunye neelensi, kusetyenziswa i-5-axis CNC. Kwizinto ezingachanekanga kangako, ezifana neendawo zokugcina izibane zentloko, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokulungisa ngokukhawuleza ezifana neStereolithography (SLA).

Uvavanyo Oluqatha kunye neZigaba zoQinisekiso lweZibane zeNtloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso

Amanqanaba ovavanyo oluqatha kunye nokuqinisekiswa aqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziyahlangabezana nazo zonke iikhrayitheriya zokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko ezichaziweyo ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa. Abavelisi banokuguquguquka ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno ze-photometric kwinqanaba lecandelo. Basebenzisa uvavanyo lokwenyani, ukulinganisa, okanye naziphi na iindlela ezisebenzayo. Ubunzima bokuqinisekiswa buxhomekeke kubunzima bomqadi oguquguqukayo. Uvavanyo oluphambili lokuqinisekiswa luquka:

• Iimfuneko ze-photometric zenqanaba le-component: Ezi ziqinisekisa ukubonakala okwaneleyo. Zichaza amanqanaba okukhanya aphantsi kwiindawo ezithile zendlela.
• Uvavanyo lwendlela eguqukayo: Izithuthi ezineenkqubo ze-Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB) kufuneka zigcine imigangatho ngexesha lovavanyo oluguqukayo kwindlela eguqukayo. Oku kusebenzisa izixhobo zovavanyo lwe-ADB ezinezibane zokukhuthaza kunye neesensa ze-photometry.
• Iimfuneko ze-ADB Photometry: Kwizibane zentloko ze-ADB, inkqubo kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ze-photometry. Ezi zibeka ukukhanya okuphezulu ngaphakathi kwezithuba zomgama ophawulweyo wokulinganisa kumgama we-220m.
• Uvavanyo lweNdlela yeRadius enkulu yokuGqitha: I-FMVSS No. 108 icacisa uvavanyo lokukhanya okuzayo kwiimeko ezisibhozo zovavanyo lwendlela. Oku kuquka iiradii ezinkulu ukusuka kwi-335m ukuya kwi-440m. Kubandakanya isantya esitshintshayo, ijiyometri yendlela, kunye neeradii ezigobileyo.

I-NHTSA iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho ngovavanyo lwezibane zentloko. Abavelisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba isibane sabo sentloko se-ADB senza iipateni zemitha ezineendawo ezincitshisiweyo, ezingancitshiswanga, kunye nezotshintsho kuphela.

Isiqinisekiso kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMigangatho: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iMigangatho iyafezekiswa

Ukutyala imali kwizibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kunika iingenelo ezininzi kwiimpawu. Ezi zibonelelo zidlulela ngaphaya kokusebenza nje, zichaphazela ukuthembeka kwemveliso, ulwaneliseko lwabathengi, isikhundla semarike, kunye nokubambelela kumthetho. Iimpawu ezibeka phambili izisombululo zokukhanyisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zifumana ithuba elikhulu kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo.

Ukuthembeka kweMveliso okuphuculweyo kunye nobude bayo

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso eziqinisekisiweyo zibonelela ngokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nobude bemveliso. Uyilo oluqinileyo, uvavanyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ziqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko ngasinye sisebenza ngokuhambelanayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Olu bunjineli bucokisekileyo bunciphisa iziphene zokuvelisa kunye nokusilela kokusebenza. Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ukuhlanganiswa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye noyilo oluqinisekisiweyo lunegalelo kwixesha elide lokusebenza. Kwiimpawu, oku kuthetha ukuba ziimveliso ezihlangabezana rhoqo nolindelo lwabasebenzisi, kunciphisa isidingo sokutshintshwa okanye ukulungiswa rhoqo. Abasebenzisi bafumana ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, okwakha ukuthembana kwimpawu.

Amabango eWaranti ancitshisiweyo kunye nokungoneliseki kwabathengi

Ukuthembeka okuqhelekileyo kwezibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni amabango ewaranti. Xa iimveliso zisebenza njengoko kulindelekile kwaye zinyamezela iimeko ezinzima, amathuba okuba neziphene okanye ukungaphumeleli kwangethuba ancipha kakhulu. Oku kunciphisa umthwalo wemali onxulunyaniswa nokubuyiselwa kwempahla, ukulungiswa, kunye nokutshintshwa kwayo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kunciphisa kakhulu ukungoneliseki kwabathengi. Abasebenzisi bayawaxabisa iimveliso ezisebenza ngokungenasiphako nezihlala ixesha elide. La mava amahle akhuthaza ukuthembeka kwebhrendi kwaye akhuthaza ukuphinda-phinda ishishini, ekhusela udumo lwebhrendi.

Inzuzo yoKhuphiswano kunye noKwahluka kweMarike

Izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zibonelela ngenzuzo eyahlukileyo yokukhuphisana kunye nokwahluka okukhulu kwimarike. Kwimarike enabantu abaninzi, iimpawu ezizodwa kunye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo kwahlula uphawu. Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zinokubandakanya uyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-optical, iipateni ezithile zemitha, izinto zobuhle ezikhethekileyo, okanye imisebenzi ephambili eyenzelwe indawo yophawu. Ukufezekisa ukulinganiswa kwe-IP ethile kunye neziqinisekiso zokuqina, ezifana ne-MIL-STD-810G okanye i-ATEX, kubonisa ukuzibophelela kwisicelo esisemgangathweni nesikhethekileyo. Oku kuvumela iimpawu ukuba zijolise kumashishini athile okanye amaqela abasebenzisi ngokuzithemba, zibeka iimveliso zazo njengezisombululo zeprimiyamu, ezithembekileyo, nezakhelwe injongo abakhuphisana nabo abangenakuziphinda ngokulula.

Ukuthobela iMimiselo eNgqonge uMzi-mveliso (umz., i-FMVSS 108)

Kwimizi-mveliso emininzi, ukuthobela imithetho ethile akunyanzelekanga; kuyanyanzeleka. Izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ziyahlangabezana nale migangatho ibalulekileyo yeshishini. Umzekelo, kwicandelo leemoto, ukuthobela i-FMVSS 108 (uMgangatho woKhuseleko lweZithuthi zeSizwe onguNombolo 108) kubalulekile kuzo zonke izixhobo zokukhanyisa. Lo mgangatho uchaza iimfuno zezibane, izixhobo ezikhanyayo, kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo ukukhuthaza ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezithuthi. Ngokufanayo, amanye amacandelo anokuba nezikhokelo zawo zomthetho ezizodwa. Ubunjineli benziwe ngokwezifiso buvumela iimpawu ukuba ziyile izibane zentloko ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya phezulu ukuze zihlangabezane nale migaqo ichanekileyo, ziphephe uyilo olutsha olubizayo okanye ukulibaziseka kokungena kwimarike. Le ndlela yokubonelela ngenkathalo iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho, iphucula ukhuseleko, kwaye yenza kube lula ukufikelela kwimarike.

Iingenelo zezibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zeeBrands

Ukuthembeka kweMveliso okuphuculweyo kunye nobude bayo

Izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zibonelela ngokuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nobude bexesha lemveliso. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo, ezihlala zifiphala okanye ziqhawuka ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi we-chip okanye iinkqubo zokupholisa ezinganeleyo, ezi zibane zentloko ezikhethekileyo ziza neziqinisekiso ezixhaswa yifektri. Zenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ziqinisekisa ubomi obude kwaye zibonisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina. Ulwakhiwo lwazo oluhlala ixesha elide lusebenzisa i-aluminium yomgangatho wenqwelo-moya kwizinki zobushushu. Ezi zinto zisusa ubushushu nge-40% ngokukhawuleza kuneplastiki, zithintela ukusilela kwe-LED kwangethuba. Abavelisi bavala ezi zibane zentloko ngee-gaskets ezilinganiswe yi-IP67, okwenza ukuba zingabi naluthuli, imvula, kunye nokuntywiliselwa okwethutyana. Oku kunceda ekubeni ubomi bube ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-50,000. Iinkqubo zolawulo lobushushu eziphambili zibandakanya itekhnoloji ye-'Smart Drive'. Oku kulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo umbane ngokusekelwe kubushushu kunye nevolthi, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo. Zisebenzisa zombini ukupholisa okusebenzayo (iifeni ezijikeleza umoya/i-coolant xa amaqondo obushushu edlula amanqanaba akhuselekileyo) kunye nokupholisa okungasebenziyo (izinki zobushushu ze-aluminium ezifinniweyo ezine-thermal paste). Ezi nkqubo zigcinaamaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo okusebenza(45–55°C), ngaphantsi kakhulu komlinganiselo wokuwohloka kwama-80°C. Izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ziquka iitships ze-LED ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezivela kubavelisi abaphambili abanjengoCree kunye no-Osram. Abaqhubi beetships abahlengahlengisiweyo baphucula umbane kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya, bethintela imiba efana nokushisa kakhulu okanye ukukhanya okungaguquguqukiyo okuxhaphakileyo kwii-LED eziqhelekileyo.

Amabango eWaranti ancitshisiweyo kunye nokungoneliseki kwabathengi

Ukuthembeka okuqhelekileyo kwezibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni amabango ewaranti. Iimveliso zisebenza njengoko kulindelekile kwaye zinyamezela iimeko ezinzima. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba neziphene okanye ukungaphumeleli kwangethuba. Oku kunciphisa umthwalo wemali onxulunyaniswa nokubuyiselwa kwempahla, ukulungiswa, kunye nokutshintshwa kwayo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kunciphisa kakhulu ukungoneliseki kwabathengi. Abasebenzisi bayawaxabisa iimveliso ezisebenza ngokungenasiphako nezihlala ixesha elide. La mava amahle akhuthaza ukuthembeka kwebhrendi kwaye akhuthaza ukuphinda-phinda ishishini, ekhusela udumo lwebhrendi.

Inzuzo yoKhuphiswano kunye noKwahluka kweMarike

Izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zibonelela ngenzuzo eyahlukileyo yokukhuphisana kunye nokwahluka okukhulu kwimarike. Kwimarike enabantu abaninzi, iimpawu ezizodwa kunye nokusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo kwahlula uphawu. Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zinokubandakanya uyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-optical, iipateni ezithile zemitha, izinto zobuhle ezikhethekileyo, okanye imisebenzi ephambili eyenzelwe indawo yophawu. Ukufezekisa ukulinganiswa kwe-IP ethile kunye neziqinisekiso zokuqina, ezifana ne-MIL-STD-810G okanye i-ATEX, kubonisa ukuzibophelela kwisicelo esisemgangathweni nesikhethekileyo. Oku kuvumela iimpawu ukuba zijolise kumashishini athile okanye amaqela abasebenzisi ngokuzithemba. Ibeka iimveliso zazo njengezisombululo zeprimiyamu, ezithembekileyo, nezakhelwe injongo abakhuphisana nabo abangenakuziphinda ngokulula.

Ukuthobela iMimiselo eNgqonge uMzi-mveliso (umz., i-FMVSS 108)

Kwimizi-mveliso emininzi, ukunamathela kwimigaqo ethile akunyanzelekanga; kuyanyanzeleka. Izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ziyahlangabezana nale migangatho ibalulekileyo yeshishini. Kwicandelo leemoto, umzekelo, ukuthotyelwa kwe-FMVSS 108 (uMgangatho woKhuseleko lweZithuthi zeFederal No. 108) kubalulekile kuzo zonke izixhobo zokukhanyisa. Lo mgangatho uchaza iimfuno zezibane, izixhobo ezikhanyayo, kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo. Ukhuthaza ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezithuthi.

Ubunjineli bezinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso buvumela iimpawu ukuba ziyile izibane zentloko zisuka ezantsi. Zihlangabezana neemfuno ezichanekileyo, ziphepha uyilo olutsha olubizayo okanye ukulibaziseka kokungena kwimarike. Le ndlela yokulungiselela iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho, iphucula ukhuseleko, kwaye yenza kube lula ukufikelela kwimarike. Abavelisi bezithuthi kunye nezibane banoxanduva lokuziqinisekisa iimveliso zabo. Kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza eziphantsi ze-FMVSS 108.

Ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kufuneka iimpawu ezithile:

• Ilensi yezixhobo zokuqala kunye nezibane zentloko ezitshintshwayo, izibane ezisebenza emini (DRL), kunye nezinye izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya kufuneka zibe nophawu "lwe-DOT".
• Olu phawu luhlala luyimfuneko kwizixhobo zokukhanyisa isignali ezihambelanayo.
• Ukusukela ngoFebruwari 2022, i-FMVSS 108 ivumela ukufakwa kwezibane zentloko ze-adaptive driving beam (ADB) kwizithuthi ezintsha.
• Ngokwembali, umgangatho wawuvumela ubungakanani obuthile bezibane zentloko: nokuba zizibane zentloko ezimbini ezinobubanzi obuyi-7 intshi (180 mm) okanye ezine ezincinci ezinobubanzi obuyi-5¾ intshi (150 mm).

Ngokufanayo, amanye amacandelo anokuba nemithetho yawo eyahlukileyo. Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ziyahlangabezana nezi mfuno zichanekileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo zikhuselekile, zisemthethweni, kwaye zilungele ukuthengiswa.

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngobunjineli obukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi

Izibane zentloko ezikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwizicelo ezichasene nokuqhuma

Imfuno yeendawo ezinobungoziizisombululo zokukhanyisa ezikhethekileyo. Izibane zentloko ezikhuselekileyo ngaphakathi zibonelela ngokukhanya kwiindawo ezingasetyenziswayo ukudubula. Ezi zibane zentloko zithintela ukutsha kweegesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, uthuli, okanye imicu. Uyilo lwazo lugxile kukhuseleko, nokuba phantsi kweemeko zengxaki.

• Ukunqongophala kwamandla: Esi sixhobo asivelisi amandla ombane okanye obushushu aneleyo okutshisa umoya onobungozi. Oku kuhlala kunjalo naphantsi kweemeko zengxaki.
• Ukhuseleko lweCandelo kunye neSeketheZonke izinto kunye neesekethe zenziwe kucingelwa ukhuseleko. Zisebenzisa iindawo eziqinileyo kwaye zinciphisa amandla aphumayo.
• Ukukhuselwa Kwiimeko Zempazamo: Esi sixhobo sihlala sikhuselekile nokuba kukho iimpazamo. Abayili baqwalasela zonke iimeko ezinokwenzeka zeziphene ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo.

Ukuthobela i-ATEX kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso zeendawo eziyingozi

Ukuthobela iziqinisekiso ezithile kubalulekile kwizibane zentloko kwiindawo ezinobungozi. I-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx zimigangatho emibini ebalaseleyo. I-ATEX sisakhelo somthetho esikhethekileyo kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Isebenza kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinokuqhuma. Injongo yayo ephambili kukuvumela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kweemveliso ngaphakathi kwe-EU ngelixa kugcinwa imigangatho ephezulu yempilo nokhuseleko. Ukuthobela imigangatho ethile akunyanzelekanga ngokupheleleyo kodwa yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuhlangabezana neeMfuno zezeMpilo noKhuseleko eziBalulekileyo (EHSR).

I-IECEx sisikimu sokuqinisekiswa ngokuzithandela. Imigangatho yeKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical yeHlabathi (i-IEC) iyayilawula. Injongo yayo kukwenza kube lula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwezixhobo kunye neenkonzo zemozulu eqhumayo. Iqinisekisa umgangatho ozinzileyo wokhuseleko kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokungafaniyo ne-ATEX, ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kweMigangatho ye-IEC edweliswe kwiSatifikethi se-IECEx kuyimfuneko.

Ukuthobela i-ATEX kufuna uphawu lwe-'CE' kunye nophawu lwe-'Ex'. Oku kubonisa ukufaneleka kokuthengiswa nokusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwiCandelo lezoQoqosho laseYurophu. Uphawu luquka:

• Ukumakishwa kwe-CE: Iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwazo zonke iimfuno ze-EU ezifanelekileyo.
• Uphawu lwe-Ex: Ibonisa ukufaneleka kwemozulu eqhumayo.
• Iqela kunye noDidi: Ichaza uhlobo lwendalo (umz., Iqela I leemigodi, Iqela II lemizi-mveliso yomphezulu) kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko.
• Uhlobo lweGesi/loThuli: Ibonisa ukuba zezegesi (G) okanye uthuli (D).
• Ikhowudi yoBushushu (ikhowudi ye-T): Ibonisa ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu.

Iimpawu ze-IECEx zikwanophawu lwe-'Ex'. Zibonelela ngolwazi olufanayo kunye neengqwalasela zamazwe ngamazwe:

• Uphawu lwe-Ex: Uchonga izixhobo zemozulu eziqhumayo.
• Isazisi seZiko leNkonzo: Inombolo yokuchonga yombutho onelayisenisi.
• Ingcamango yoKhuseleko: Ichaza indlela yokuthintela ukutsha.
• Iqela leGesi/loThuli: Ihlela uhlobo lomoya oqhumayo (umz., u-I umele imigodi, u-II umele imboni yomphezulu, u-III umele uthuli).
• Iklasi yoBushushu: Ibonelela ngomlinganiselo wobushushu, ofana nowe-ATEX.

Uyilo lweMeko eziGqwesileyo kunye neMigangatho yoKhuseleko

Ukuyila izibane zentloko kwiimeko ezinzima kubandakanya imigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo. Iinjineli ziqwalasela izinto ezifana nobushushu obugqithisileyo, izinto ezirhabaxa, kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini. Zikhetha izixhobo kunye nezinto ezimelana nezi meko zinzima. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kunye nokhuseleko lomsebenzisi.

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, nge-IP ratings zabo ezithile kunye neziqinisekiso zokuqina, zibalulekile kwiimveliso. Zihlala zibonelela ngezisombululo zokukhanyisa ezinokuthenjwa nezisebenza kakuhle. Ezi zisombululo zenzelwe ngokuchanekileyo iimfuno zesicelo ezizodwa. Ukutyala imali kwizibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo kugcina udumo lophawu. Kukwaqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nolwaneliseko lomsebenzisi. Iimpawu zifumana ithuba lokukhuphisana kwaye zakha ukuthembana okuhlala ixesha elide nabathengi bazo.

FAQ

Yintoni eyenza izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zahluke kwezo ziqhelekileyo?

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zophawu.uvavanyo oluqathaukuze kusebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Izibane zentloko eziqhelekileyo zihlala zingenalo olu yilo lulungiselelwe wena kunye novavanyo olukhethekileyo.

Ithetha ukuthini i-IP rating kwisibane sentloko?

Uvavanyo lwe-IP lubonisa inqanaba lokhuseleko lwesibane sentloko. Lukhusela izinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo. Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa ukhuseleko oluqinileyo. Inombolo yesibini ibonisa ukhuseleko lolwelo. Amanani aphezulu athetha ukumelana okungcono.

Kutheni izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zifuna iziqinisekiso zokuqina ezifana ne-MIL-STD-810G?

Iziqinisekiso zokuqina zingqina ukuqina kwesibane sentloko. Ziqinisekisa ukuba simelana neemeko ezinzima. Oku kuquka iimpembelelo, utshintsho lobushushu, kunye nokungcangcazela. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezifuna amandla.

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso eziqinisekisiweyo zinceda njani udumo lophawu?

Izibane zentloko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso eziqinisekisiweyo ziphucula udumo lophawu. Zibonisa ukuzinikela kumgangatho nokhuseleko. Oku kukhokelela ekwandiseni ulwaneliseko lwabathengi. Kukwanciphisa amabango ewaranti. Iimpawu zifumana ithuba lokukhuphisana.