Ngaba izibane zakho zentloko ziyahlangabezana neMigangatho ye-ANSI/ISEA 107 ebonakala kakuhle?

Izibane zentloko zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukubonakala xa usebenza okanye uhamba phantsi kweemeko eziphantsi kokukhanya. Nangona umgangatho we-ANSI/ISEA 107 ujongana kakhulu nempahla ebonakala kakhulu, izibane zentloko zinokuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lwakho ngokongeza impahla ehambelanayo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba izithuthi ezinezibane zentloko ezikumgangatho ophezulu zifumana izinga eliphantsi le-19% leengozi zasebusuku xa kuthelekiswa nezo zinezibane eziphantsi. Izibane ezinemitha ephezulu zikwaphucula ukubonakala, zikunceda ukuba ubone iingozi ngokufanelekileyo. Ukukhetha izibane zentloko ezihambelanayo ne-ANSI 107 kuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ubonakala kwaye ukhuselekile kwiindawo ezinzima.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• KhethaIzibane zentloko ze-ANSI 107ukuhlala ukhuselekile ekukhanyeni okufipheleyo.
• Fumana izibane zentloko ezinezixhobo ezikhazimlayo okanye ezikhanyayo ukuze zibonakale ngcono.
• Jonga ukuba izibane zentloko zikhanya kangakanani, ziqinile kwaye ziqinile kangakanani.
• Khangela iilebheli ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemithetho yokhuseleko.
• Ukusebenzisa izibane zentloko ezibonakala kakhulu kunciphisa amathuba eengozi kwaye kulandela imithetho yomsebenzi.

Ukuqonda iMigangatho ye-ANSI/ISEA 107

Oko Kugutyungelwa Yimigangatho

Umgangatho we-ANSI/ISEA 107 uchaza iimfuno ezithile zempahla yokhuseleko ebonakalayo (i-HVSA). Ezi zikhokelo ziqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bahlala bebonakala kwiindawo ezikhanyayo okanye ezinobungozi. Umgangatho uchaza indawo kunye nobungakanani bezixhobo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ukuze zibonelele ngokubonakala kwe-360-degree. Ukwachaza nolwakhiwo kunye nobubanzi beebhendi ezibonisa ukukhanya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokusebenza ephantsi.

Ukuze kuthotyelwe le mithetho, iimpahla kufuneka zisebenzise izinto ezikhanyayo ezinemibala efana nomthubi-luhlaza, orenji-bomvu, okanye obomvu. Iteyiphu ekhanyayo okanye imicu iphucula ukubonakala ngakumbi, ingakumbi kwiimeko eziphantsi kokukhanya. Iilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo zivavanya zonke iimpahla ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ezi mvavanyo zivavanya ukuqina, ukubonakala, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nemvula okanye ubushushu. Ngokuhlangabezana nale migaqo, i-HVSA iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinzima.

Iimfuneko Ezibonakalayo Eziphezulu Zezixhobo

Izixhobo, nangona zingeyiyo eyona nto iphambili kwi-ANSI/ISEA 107, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukubonakala. Izinto ezifana neeglavu, iminqwazi, kunye nezibane zentloko zinokuhambelana nempahla ebonakala kakhulu. Ukuze izixhobo zihambelane nomgangatho, kufuneka zifake izinto ezikhanyayo okanye ezikhanyayo. Ezi zinto ziphucula ukubonakala ukusuka kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo.

Izibane zentloko, umzekelo, zinokubonelela ngokukhanya okongezelelweyo kunye nokubonakala. Xa zidityaniswe nempahla ehambelanayo, zenza isisombululo esipheleleyo sokhuseleko. Izixhobo kufuneka zibonakalise ukuqina kunye nokuchasana neemeko zokusingqongileyo, ziqinisekise ukuba zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ukubaluleka kwezibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107

Nangona izibane zentloko zingagqunywanga ngokucacileyo phantsi komgangatho we-ANSI/ISEA 107, zinokuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko. Izibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107 ziphucula ukubonakala ngokudibanisa ukukhanya kunye neempawu ezikhanyayo okanye ezikhanyayo. Oku kuzenza zilungele iindawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi okanye ezinobungozi.

Kwiindawo zokusebenza ezikufutshane neemoto okanye oomatshini abakhulu, ezi zibane zentloko ziyanciphisa umngcipheko weengozi. Ziqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ubonakala kwabanye, nokuba kukhanyiswe kakubi. Ngokukhetha izibane zentloko ezihambelana nemigaqo ye-ANSI/ISEA 107, uphucula ukhuseleko lwakho kwaye uhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi. Oku kuzenza zibe longezo olubalulekileyo kwizixhobo zakho ezibonakala kakhulu.

Iikhrayitheriya eziphambili zezibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107

Ukukhanya kunye noBunzima boMqadi

Xa kuvavanywa izibane zentloko, ukukhanya kunye nobunzulu bemitha zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Ukukhanya kulinganiswa kwi-lux, nto leyo elinganisa ubungakanani bokukhanya okubonakalayo kumgama othile. Umzekelo, iimitha zokukhanya kwemizi-mveliso zilinganisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kwiimitha ezine. Ubunzulu bemitha, kwelinye icala, bumisela ukuba ukukhanya kuhamba kangakanani. Ifomyula yokubala ukukhanya (E) kwi-lux yi-E = i / (D²), apho u-"i" emele ubunzulu obukhanyayo kwi-candela, kwaye u-"D" ngumgama kwiimitha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba unokuvavanya ukuba isibane sentloko sibonelela ngokukhanya okwaneleyo kwiimfuno zakho.

Imigangatho efana ne-ANSI FL-1 ikwavavanya umgama wemitha kunye nexesha lokusebenza kwebhetri. Ezi milinganiselo zikunceda ukhethe izibane zentloko ezigcina ukukhanya okufanayo ixesha elide. Isibane sentloko esinemilinganiselo ephezulu yokukhanya kunye nomgama wemitha ophuculweyo siqinisekisa ukubonakala okungcono, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi. Izibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107 zihlala zibalaseleyo kwezi ndawo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oluthembekileyo lokhuseleko.

Iimpawu eziKhanyisayo neziKhanyisayo

Izinto ezikhanyayo nezikhanyayo ziphucula ukubonakala ngokukwenza ubonakale ngakumbi kwiimeko ezimnyama. Imibala ekhanyayo efana nomthubi-luhlaza okanye i-orenji-bomvu iyavela emini, ngelixa izinto ezikhanyayo ziphucula ukubonakala ebusuku. Izibane zentloko ezineebhendi ezikhanyayo okanye izibane ezikhanyayo zihambelana nempahla ebonakala kakhulu, ziqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ubonakala kwiikona ezahlukeneyo.

Ezi mpawu zibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezitshintshayo, ezinje ngeendawo zokwakha okanye iindlela. Ngokukhetha izibane zentloko ezineempawu ezikhanyayo okanye ezikhanyayo, udala isisombululo esibanzi sokhuseleko. Oku kuhambelana nemigaqo yezibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107, ezibeka phambili ukubonakala nokhuseleko.

Ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokusingqongileyo

Ukuqina kuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sakho sentloko sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, olufana novavanyo lwe-photometric kunye nolwendalo, luvavanya amandla esibane sentloko okumelana noxinzelelo. Uvavanyo lwe-photometric lulinganisa ubukhali bokukhanya kunye nokusasazwa, ngelixa uvavanyo lwendalo luvavanya ukusebenza phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukufuma, kunye nokungcangcazela.

Umzekelo, i-FMVSS 108 ichaza iimfuno zeenkqubo zokukhanyisa iimoto, kuquka izibane zentloko. Uvavanyo lokuqina lubeka izibane zentloko kuxinzelelo loomatshini nolwendalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko zokwenyani. Izibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107 zihlala zihlangabezana nale migangatho ingqongqo, zibonelela ngokusebenza okuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokhuseleko.

Kutheni Ukuthobela Umthetho Okubonakalayo Okuphezulu Kubalulekile

Ukhuseleko kwiimeko eziphantsi kokukhanya

Ukuthobela imithetho ecacileyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukugcineni ukhuselekile kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi. Ukukhanya okufanelekileyo kunye nokubonakala kunciphisa amathuba eengozi, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukukhanya kwendlela okwenziwe kakuhle kunokunciphisa iingozi zasebusuku ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%. Iindlela ezinezinga lokukhanya eliphakathi kwe-1.2–2 cd/m² zineengozi ezimbalwa ngama-20–30% xa kuthelekiswa nezo zinezinga lokukhanya eliphantsi. Oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nezibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107 ukuphucula ukubonakala nokhuseleko.

Izibane zentloko ezikhanyayo kakhulu nezikhanyayo ziqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ubonakala kwabanye, nokuba kwiimeko ezimnyama. Nokuba usebenza kwindawo yokwakha okanye uhamba endleleni engakhanyiswanga kakuhle, ezi zibane zentloko zibonelela ngokukhanya okufunekayo ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi. Ngokubeka phambili ukubonakala, unciphisa kakhulu iingozi ezinxulumene neendawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi.

Iimfuneko Zendawo Yokusebenza Nezomthetho

Iindawo ezininzi zokusebenza zifuna ukuba uhlangabezane nemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko, kuquka ukuthotyelwa komthetho okubonakalayo. Amashishini afana nokwakha, ezothutho, kunye nokugcinwa kwendlela adla ngokusebenza kwiimeko eziyingozi apho ukubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu. Abaqeshi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi basebenzisa izixhobo ezihambelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokunamathela kwiimfuno zomthetho.

Ukusebenzisa izibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107 kubonisa ukuzinikela kwakho kukhuseleko emsebenzini. Ezi zibane zentloko aziphuculi nje kuphela ukubonakala kwakho kodwa zikwanceda imibutho ukuba ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokuthobela imithetho. Oku kunciphisa uxanduva kwaye kuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kubo bonke ababandakanyekayo.

Ukunciphisa iingozi kwiindawo ezinobungozi

Iindawo ezinobungozi zifuna amanyathelo okhuseleko athembekileyo ukuze zikukhusele kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Izibane zentloko ezibonakala kakhulu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iingozi zokusebenza. Uphononongo oluphonononga ubudlelwane phakathi kokubonakala kwezibane zentloko kunye namazinga okuwa kwezibane lufumanise ukuba uyilo olungcono lwezibane zentloko lunokunciphisa amazinga okuwa kwezibane ebusuku nge-12% ukuya kwi-29%. Ukubonakala okuphuculweyo kunciphisa amathuba eengozi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ngokukhetha izibane zentloko ezenzelwe ukuthobela imithetho ecacileyo, uzikhusela wena kunye nabanye abantu kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ezi zibane zentloko ziqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ubonakala, nokuba kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokwenzakala.

Indlela Yokuvavanya Izibane Zentloko Ukuze Zihambelane Nomthetho

Ukujonga iileyibhile zesatifikethi

Xa kuvavanywa izibane zentloko ukuze zihambelane nomthetho, iilebheli zesatifikethi zibonelela ngendlela ekhawulezayo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wazo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko. Khangela iilebheli ezifana nezi:I-FMVSS 108, eqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko siyahlangabezana neMigangatho yoKhuseleko lweZithuthi zeMoto yeSizwe yokukhanyisa kunye nee-reflectors. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iye yavavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuze ibonakale kwaye ikhuselekile.

Amaqumrhu agunyazisayo afana ne-Intertek, i-VCA, i-A2LA, kunye ne-AMECA avavanya iimveliso zokukhanyisa iimoto ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino. Ngokujonga ezi lebheli, ungakhetha ngokuzithemba izibane zentloko ezihambelana neemfuno ezibonakalayo kakhulu. Eli nyathelo aliqinisekisi nje kuphela ukhuseleko kodwa likwakunceda uphephe iimveliso ezingaphumeleliyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho ebalulekileyo yokusebenza.

Ukuqhuba Uvavanyo Lokubonakala Nokubonakalisa Ukukhanya

Ukuvavanya ukubonakala kunye nokukhanya kwezibane zentloko kuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kwiimeko zokwenyani. Qala ngokufaka isibane sentloko kwisixhobo sovavanyo ukuze uphinde ufakelo lwaso lokwenyani. Emva koko, yenza imilinganiselo ye-photometric ukuvavanya ukusasazwa kokukhanya kunye nobukhali. Hlalutya iipateni zemitha ye ...

Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuhambelana kombala kunye namanqanaba okukhanya kokukhanya. Uvavanyo lokusingqongileyo, olufana nokuvavanya ukusebenza phantsi kotshintsho lobushushu kunye nokufuma, luqinisekisa ukuqina. Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza isikhokelo senyathelo ngenyathelo sokuvavanya ukuthotyelwa kwezibane zentloko:

Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko siyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokubonakala kunye nokhuseleko, nto leyo ebonelela ngokusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi.

Ukuphucula ukuya kwiIzibane zentloko ezihambelana ne-ANSI 107

Ukuphucula izibane zentloko ezibonakala kakhulu kunika iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko kunye neendleko. Iibhalbhu zeHalogen, umzekelo, zibiza i-$15 ukuya kwi-$30 nganye kwaye zingafakelwa ngokwakho, oko konga iindleko zomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, iibhalbhu zeHID, ezixabisa i-$100 ukuya kwi-$150 nganye, zifuna ukufakelwa kobuchwephesha, zongeza i-$50 ukuya kwi-$200. Nangona ixabiso lokuqala liphezulu, iibhalbhu zeHID zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zihlala ixesha elide, zinciphisa ukutshintshwa rhoqo. Kwiminyaka emihlanu, iibhalbhu zeHalogen zinokubiza malunga ne-$150, ngelixa iibhalbhu zeHID zixabisa malunga ne-$300, kuquka nokufakelwa.

Iingenelo zexesha elide zokuphucula zingaphezulu kweendleko zokuqala. Iibhalbhu ze-HID zibonelela ngokukhanya okungcono, ziphucula ukubonakala kwaye zinciphisa iingozi. Ngokutyala imali kwizibane zentloko ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, uqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela iimfuno zendawo yokusebenza okanye zomthetho.

Izibane zentloko zisenokungawi phantsi kwemigangatho ye-ANSI/ISEA 107, kodwa zihlala zibalulekile ekuphuculeni ukubonakala nokhuseleko. Kuya kufuneka uvavanye izibane zentloko ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: ukukhanya, ukubonakalisa ukukhanya, kunye nokuqina. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukuba isibane sakho sentloko sisebenza kakuhle ngeempahla ezibonakalayo, sidala indawo ekhuselekileyo kwiimeko eziphantsi okanye ezinobungozi.