Imigangatho yoKhuseleko lweHlabathi kwiZibane zeNtloko eziTshajwayo kwiindawo eziyingozi

Imigangatho yokhuseleko yehlabathi jikelele yezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwiindawo ezinobungozi iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo apho iigesi eziqhumayo okanye uthuli oluvuthayo lubangela umngcipheko. Le migangatho, efana nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx, iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko ezingqongqo, nto leyo enciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho.

Ukuthotyelwa kwale migaqo kuchaphazela kakhulu ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza. Umzekelo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-OSHA kukhokelele ekunciphiseni kwe-9% kwingozi kunye nokwehla kwe-26% kwiindleko ezinxulumene nokulimala (Levine et al., 2012).
2. Ukuhlolwa okunezohlwayo kubangele ukwehla kwe-19% kwingozi ezilahlekileyo emsebenzini (Gray and Mendeloff, 2005).
3. Iinkampani ziye zafumana ukwehla okufikelela kwi-24% kwisithuba seminyaka emibini emva kokuhlolwa (Haviland et al., 2012).

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa indima ebalulekileyo yokuthobela imithetho ekukhuseleni abasebenzi nasekunciphiseni iingozi.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Ukwazi iindawo ezinobungozi kubalulekile ukuze ukhethe isibane sentloko esifanelekileyo. Indawo nganye ifuna imithetho ethile yokhuseleko.
• Iziqinisekiso ze-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx zingqina ukuba izibane zentloko zilandela ngokungqongqoimithetho yokhuselekoOku kunciphisa iingozi kwiindawo eziyingozi.
• Ukujonga nokulungisa izibane zentlokoZihlala zikhuselekile kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Khangela umonakalo uze uvavanye isibane phambi kokuba usisebenzise.
• Khetha izibane zentloko ezikhululekileyo nezilula ukuzisebenzisa. Oku kuyanceda xa usebenza ixesha elide kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
• Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nokuhlala bekhuselekile kwenza umsebenzi ukhuseleke kwaye ukhawuleze.

Iindawo Eziyingozi Neentlobo Zazo

Inkcazo yeendawo eziyingozi

Iindawo ezinobungozi zibhekisa kwiindawo apho imozulu eqhumayo inokwakheka khona ngenxa yokubakho kweegesi ezivuthayo, umphunga, uthuli, okanye imicu. Ezi ndawo zifuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko ukuthintela imithombo yokutsha ukuba ingabangela iziganeko eziyingozi. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezithile zokwahlulahlula ukuchaza ezi ndawo.

Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana ekuchongeni nasekunciphiseni iingozi kumashishini onke.

Ulwahlulo lweMimandla (uMmandla 0, uMmandla 1, uMmandla 2)

Iindawo ezinobungozi zihlelwe ngokwahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kumathuba kunye nobude bexesha leemozulu eziqhumayo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza iikhrayitheriya zommandla ngamnye:

Olu luhlu lukhokela ukukhethwa kwezixhobo, ezinjeizibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Amashishini aQhelekileyo kunye nezicelo

Iindawo ezinobungozi zixhaphakile kumashishini ahlukeneyo apho kuphathwa khona izinto ezinokutsha. Amacandelo aphambili aquka:

• Ioyile kunye negesi
• Iikhemikhali kunye nezamayeza
• Ukutya neziselo
• Amandla kunye namandla
• Ukwemba

Ngowama-2020, amagumbi ongxamiseko anyanga abasebenzi abamalunga ne-1.8 yezigidi ngenxa yokwenzakala okunxulumene nomsebenzi, nto leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka kwamanyathelo okhuseleko kwezi ndawo. Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezinobungozi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iingozi nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Isiqinisekiso se-ATEX/IECEx kunye neminye iMigangatho yeHlabathi

Isishwankathelo seSatifikethi se-ATEX

Isatifikethi se-ATEXiqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo eziqhumayo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko. I-ATEX, ephuma kwi-European Union, ifumene igama layo kwigama lesiFrentshi elithi “ATmosphères EXplosibles.” Esi siqinisekiso sisebenza kwizixhobo zombane nezoomatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba azibi yimithombo yokutsha kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Abavelisi kufuneka bathobele umyalelo we-ATEX wokuthengisa iimveliso zabo eYurophu.

Iikhrayitheriya zobugcisa zesatifikethi se-ATEX zichazwe kwimiyalelo ethile. Le miyalelo iqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuthembeka kwimigangatho yokhuseleko:

Izifundo zetyala zibonisa iingenelo zesatifikethi se-ATEX:

• Isityalo se-petrochemical siphuculwe saba zizixhobo zokubona igesi eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX Zone 1. Olu tshintsho luphucule ukubonwa kwangethuba kokuvuza kwegesi, lwanciphisa iziganeko, lwaphucula nexesha lokusebenza.
• Iziko lezonyango litshintshe izibane eziqhelekileyo ngezibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX Zone 1 ezichasene nokuqhuma. Olu phuculo luphucule ukuthobela ukhuseleko kunye nokubonakala, nto leyo edale indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.

Le mizekelo ibonisa indlela isiqinisekiso se-ATEX esiphucula ngayo ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Imigangatho ye-IECEx kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwihlabathi liphela

Inkqubo ye-IECEx ibonelela ngesakhelo esaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela sokuqinisekisa izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo eziqhumayo. Le nkqubo iphuhliswe yiKhomishini ye-Electrotechnical yeHlabathi (i-IEC), iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokungafaniyo ne-ATEX, ehambelana nommandla, isatifikethi se-IECEx senza kube lula urhwebo lwehlabathi ngokulungelelanisa iimfuno zokhuseleko kuwo onke amazwe.

Imigangatho ye-IECEx ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenza kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokulandela le migangatho, imibutho inokwenza lula iinkqubo zokuthobela imithetho kwaye inciphise isidingo seziqinisekiso ezininzi. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokusindisa ixesha kodwa ikwaqinisekisa amanyathelo okhuseleko angaguqukiyo kuzo zonke iindawo zokusebenza.

Ukubaluleka kwemigangatho ye-IECEx kwihlabathi liphela kuxhomekeke ekubeni ikwazi ukuphelisa umahluko wengingqi. Umzekelo, ngelixa iYurophu ixhomekeke kwisatifikethi se-ATEX, eminye imimandla emininzi, kuquka i-Australia ne-New Zealand, iyamkela imigangatho ye-IECEx. Oku kuhambelana kukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye kuphucula ukhuseleko kumashishini afana neoyile negesi, imigodi, kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali.

Isatifikethi se-UL soKhuseleko lweBhetri

Isatifikethi se-UL sigxile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona, ezihlala zixhotyiswe ngeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko ukuthintela iingozi ezifana nokushisa kakhulu, ii-short circuits, okanye ukuqhuma. Imigangatho ye-UL ijongana nale nkxalabo ngokuvavanya ukusebenza kwebhetri phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.

Iibhetri eziqinisekisiweyo yi-UL zivavanyelwa nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uxinzelelo loomatshini, kunye nokuchatshazelwa zizinto ezinokutsha. Esi siqinisekiso sibaluleke kakhulu kwizibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi, apho ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwebhetri kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu.

Ngokudibanisa isiqinisekiso se-UL kunye nesiqinisekiso se-ATEX/IECEx, abavelisi banokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezipheleleyo zokhuseleko kwiimveliso zabo. Le ndlela imbini iqinisekisa ukubaizibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhonazihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lombane kunye nebhetri, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Iinguqu zemimandla kwimigangatho yokhuseleko

Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwiindawo ezinobungozi yahluka kakhulu kwimimandla ngenxa yokwahluka kwemithetho, iindlela zoshishino, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Olu tshintsho lubonisa imingeni ekhethekileyo kunye nezinto eziza kuqala kummandla ngamnye, nto leyo echaphazela indlela amanyathelo okhuseleko asetyenziswa kwaye asetyenziswa ngayo.

Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Umahluko Wengingqi

Ziliqela izinto ezinegalelo kwiinguqu zemigangatho yokhuseleko yengingqi. Ezi ziquka izinto ezicwangcisiweyo, izinto zabantu, kunye nomahluko wenkcubeko. Le theyibhile ilandelayo igxininisa ezi mpembelelo:

Iingingqi ezinemithetho eqinileyo, njengeYurophu, zigxininisa ukuthotyelwa kwesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko ezingqongqo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye iindawo zinokubeka phambili imigangatho yendawo eyenzelwe iimfuno ezithile zoshishino okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

Imizekelo yeMigangatho yeSithili

1. iYurophu: I-European Union iyalela ukuba kuqinisekiswe i-ATEX kwizixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo eziqhumayo. Oku kuqinisekisa amanyathelo okhuseleko afanayo kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu, nto leyo ekhuthaza umgangatho ophezulu wokuthobela imithetho.
2. amantla Emelika: I-United States neKhanada zixhomekeke kwimigangatho ye-NEC kunye ne-CEC, ehlela iindawo ezinobungozi ngokwahlukileyo kwinkqubo yaseYurophu. Le migangatho igxile kwiimfuno zokhuseleko lombane ezineenkcukacha.
3. iAsia-PacificAmazwe akule ndawo adla ngokwamkela umxube wemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, efana ne-IECEx, kunye nemigaqo yasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, i-Australia neNew Zealand zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nemigangatho ye-IECEx, ngelixa amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia anokufaka izikhokelo ezongezelelweyo zokujongana nemingeni yengingqi.

Iziphumo kubavelisi nakubasebenzisi

Abavelisi abajonge ukuthengisa izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwihlabathi liphela kufuneka balandele la mahluko engingqini. Ukunamathela kwiziqinisekiso ezininzi, ezifana nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx kunye nemigangatho ye-UL, kuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo. Kubasebenzisi, ukuqonda ezi nguqu kubalulekile ekukhetheni izixhobo ezithobela imithetho yendawo kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

IngcebisoIinkampani ezisebenza kwimimandla emininzi kufuneka zicinge ngokwamkela izatifikethi ezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ezifana ne-IECEx ukuze kube lula ukuthobela imithetho nokuphucula ukhuseleko kuzo zonke iindawo zokusebenza.

Ngokuqaphela nokujongana nokwahluka kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kwimimandla, amashishini anokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo kubasebenzi nakwizixhobo, nokuba zikweyiphi na indawo.

Iimfuno zobugcisa zezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona

Ukuqina kwezinto kunye noyilo olungenaziqhushumbisi

Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ezenzelwe iindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zibonakalise ukuqina okugqwesileyo kwezinto kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nokuqhuma. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima ngelixa zithintela iingozi zokutsha kwiindawo ezinokutsha. Abavelisi bafaka izibane zentloko kwiuvavanyo oluqathaukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthembeka kwazo.

• Uvavanyo olungenakuqhumaqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwesibane sentloko luthintela iintlantsi okanye ubushushu ekuvutheni iigesi ezivuthayo.
• Uvavanyo lokukhusela ukungenaukuvavanya iipropati ezingangeni manzi nezokuthintela uthuli, ukhusela izinto zangaphakathi kwiindawo ezirhabaxa.
• Uvavanyo lokumelana nokugqwalaukuvavanya amandla esibane sentloko okumelana nokutshizwa ngetyuwa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kumashishini aselwandle okanye eekhemikhali.
• Uvavanyo lokumelana nokungcangcazelalinganisa ukungcangcazela okusebenzayo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwesixhobo.
• Uvavanyo lokuzivumelanisa nobushushuQinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo xa kushushu kakhulu okanye kubanda kakhulu, nto leyo ethintela ukudinwa kwezinto.

Olu vavanyo, kunye neziqinisekiso ezifana nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx, ziqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe. Olu nqanaba lokuqina kunye noyilo olungenakuqhuma lubalulekile kwiamashishini afana neoyile negesi, ukumba, kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, apho ukhuseleko lungenakubekwa emngciphekweni.

Ukhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho yeBhetri

Iibhetri ezisebenzisa izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo kunye nokuthobela imithetho ukuthintela iingozi ezinokubakho. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zixhobo, zivavanyelwa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko aphambili aquka:

• Ukhuseleko ekutshiseni kakhulu, okunokubangela ukuba kubekho ubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukuqhuma.
• Ukuthintela imijikelezo emfutshane ngokusebenzisa uyilo lwangaphakathi oluqinileyo.
• Ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo loomatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ihlala injalo xa iwa okanye ibetha.
• Ukuhambelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko.

Isatifikethi se-UL sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yehlabathi yokuthembeka nokusebenza. Xa zidityaniswe nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx, sinika isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo sokuba isibane sentloko sikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ukukhanya okuphumayo kunye nokusebenza kwemitha

Ukukhanya okusebenzayo kubalulekile kubasebenzi abasebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zinike ukukhanya okubonakalayo rhoqo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebe ukuphucula ukubonakala nokhuseleko.

Abavelisi bagxila kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukuze bafezekise oku:

• Amanqanaba okuqaqambakufuneka yanele ukukhanyisa iindawo ezimnyama okanye ezixineneyo ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhanya.
• Umgama kunye nobubanzi bemithakufuneka ibone ngokucacileyo indawo engqongileyo, ivumele abasebenzi ukuba babone iingozi ezinokubakho.
• Ubungakanani bokukhanya okuphumayo ixesha elidekuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sihlala sisebenza ngexesha lomsebenzi ode.
• Izicwangciso ezilungisekayovumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze ngokwezifiso ukukhanya kunye nokugxila kwemitha ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi ethile.

Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwe-Optical luqinisekisa ezi mpawu, luqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko siyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino yokukhanya kunye nomgangatho wemitha. Izibane zentloko ezisebenza kakuhle aziphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa zinciphisa nomngcipheko weengozi kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Uvavanyo lwe-IP kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo

Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo. Uvavanyo lwe-IP, okanyeUvavanyo loKhuseleko lokungena, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni amandla esixhobo okumelana nothuli, amanzi, nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Ezi zilinganiso, ezimiselwe yiKhomishini ye-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), zibonelela ngomlinganiselo omiselweyo wokhuseleko.

Ukuqonda ii-IP Ratings

Uvavanyo lwe-IP lunamanani amabini. Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa ukhuseleko kwiisuntswana eziqinileyo, ngelixa inombolo yesibini ibonisa ukumelana nolwelo. Amanani aphezulu abonisa ukhuseleko olukhulu. Umzekelo:

Ezi zilinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko zihlala zisebenza kwiindawo apho uthuli, ukufuma, okanye amanzi zinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Ukubaluleka koVavanyo lwe-IP kwiindawo ezinobungozi

Iindawo ezinobungozi zihlala zibeka izixhobo kwimeko enzima kakhulu. Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zihlangabezane novavanyo oluthile lwe-IP ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokhuseleko. Iingenelo eziphambili ziquka:

• Ukumelana nothuli: Ithintela amasuntswana ukuba angangeni kwisixhobo, nto leyo enokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye iingozi zokutsha.
• Ukuthintela amanzi: Ikhusela izinto zangaphakathi kumswakama, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswayo kwiindawo ezimanzi.
• Ukuqina: Iphucula ubomi besibane sentloko, inciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi.

Ingcebiso: Xa ukhetha isibane sentloko seendawo ezinobungozi, beka phambili iimodeli ezine-IP67 okanye ireyithingi ephezulu ukuze zikhuseleke kakuhle.

Uvavanyo kunye neSatifikethi soKhuseleko lweNdalo

Abavelisi bavavanya izibane zentloko ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwe-IP yabo. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa iimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lweGumbi loThuli: Vavanya amandla esibane sentloko okumelana namasuntswana amancinci.
• Uvavanyo lweSpray yamanzi: Vavanya ukhuseleko kwiijethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Uvavanyo lokuntywiliselwa: Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo xa ingena emanzini ixesha elide.

Izixhobo eziphumelela olu vavanyo zifumana iziqinisekiso, ezifana ne-ATEX okanye i-IECEx, eziqinisekisa ukuba zifanelekile kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Izinto Eziqwalaselwayo Ngokwesicelo

Amashishini ahlukeneyo afuna amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo:

• Ioyile kunye neGesi: Izibane zentloko mazimelane nothuli kunye nokuchatshazelwa ngamanzi ngexesha lokugrumba.
• UkwembaIzixhobo kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokuntywiliselwa kwimijelo ezaliswe ngamanzi.
• Ukuveliswa kweeKhemikhaliIzixhobo mazihlale zisebenza kwiindawo ezinezinto ezirhabaxa.

Ukukhetha isibane sentloko esilinganiswe nge-IP esifanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi zicelo zinzima.

Phawula: Uvavanyo lwe-IP lodwa aluqinisekisi ukuba kukho amandla okumelana nokuqhuma. Soloko uqinisekisa isiqinisekiso se-ATEX okanye se-IECEx sokuthobela imithetho yendawo enobungozi.

Ngokuqonda iireyithingi ze-IP kunye nendima yazo ekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo, amashishini angenza izigqibo ezinolwazi xa ekhetha izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ukukhetha isibane sentloko esitshajwayo esifanelekileyo

Ukufanisa Iimpawu Zesibane Sentloko Nokwahlulwahlulwa Kweendawo Eziyingozi

Ukukhetha isibane sentloko esitshajwayo esifanelekileyo kuqala ngokuqonda into ethileulwahlulo lweendawo ezinobungoziapho iza kusetyenziswa khona. Indawo nganye—iZone 0, iZone 1, okanye iZone 2—ifuna izixhobo ezineempawu zokhuseleko ezenzelwe wena ukunciphisa iingozi. Umzekelo, iindawo zeZone 0 zifuna izibane zentloko ezinenqanaba eliphezulu loyilo olungenakuqhuma, njengoko imozulu eqhumayo ihlala ikhona. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izibane zentloko zeZone 2 zinokubeka phambili ukuqina kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, njengoko umngcipheko wemozulu eqhumayo unqabile.

Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lwezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona nezisebenza ngebhetri lunokukhokela ngakumbi ekwenzeni izigqibo:

Le theyibhile igxininisa indlela iimfuno zokusebenza kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela ngayo ukukhethwa kweempawu zezibane zentloko.

Ukuvavanya isiqinisekiso kunye nokuthobela imithetho ye-ATEX/IECEx

Isatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ezi satifikethi ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziye zavavanywa ngokuzimeleyo ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo. Umzekelo, i-ATEX Directive ichaza iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zempilo nokhuseleko kwiimveliso ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo eziqhumayo. Ukuthobela le migangatho akupheleli nje ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko kodwa kukwabonelela ngengcinga yokuba kuyathotyelwa, okwenza kube lula iinkqubo zokuvunywa kwemithetho.

Kwimizi-mveliso esebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi, ukukhetha izibane zentloko ezinesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo azizisi iingozi ezongezelelweyo. Esi satifikethi sibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nezityalo zeekhemikhali okanye iindawo zokucoca ioyile, apho nemithombo emincinci yokutsha inokukhokelela kwiziganeko ezimbi kakhulu.

Izinto Eziqwalaselweyo Ngokwesicelo (Ukukhanya, Ixesha Lokusebenza, njl.njl.)

Iimfuneko zokusebenza kwendawo enobungozi zihlala zilawula iimpawu ezithile ezifunekayo kwisibane sentloko esinokutshajwa kwakhona. Amanqanaba okukhanya, umzekelo, kufuneka alinganisele phakathi kokubonelela ngokukhanya okwaneleyo kunye nokuphepha ukukhanya okunokuphazamisa ukubonakala. Ixesha lokusebenza lelinye into ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi kubasebenzi abakwiindawo ezikude okanye ngexesha lokutshintshana okude. Izibane zentloko ezinezicwangciso zokukhanya ezihlengahlengiswayo kunye neebhetri ezihlala ixesha elide zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokuthembeka.

Izifundo zemizekelo zibonisa ukuguquka kweempawu zezibane zentloko ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno. Umzekelo, utshintsho oluvela kwimigangatho ye-MIL-STD-810F ukuya kwi-MIL-STD-810G luphucule ukuqina kunye nokhuseleko kwimisebenzi yemigodi. Olu phuculo luqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinobungozi, zikhusela abasebenzi kwiimeko zemozulu ezimbi kakhulu.

Ingcebiso: Xa ukhetha isibane sentloko, beka phambili iimpawu ezihambelana nemisebenzi ethile kunye nemingeni yokusingqongileyo yendawo enobungozi.

Uyilo olusebenzayo nolusebenziseka lula

Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ezenzelwe iindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zibeke phambili i-ergonomics kunye nokulungelelana komsebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi. Izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga kakuhle zinokukhokelela ekuxinezelekeni komzimba, ukuncipha kwemveliso, kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wempazamo yomqhubi. Abavelisi bajongana nale mingeni ngokufaka iimpawu eziphucula intuthuzelo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokusebenza.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kufikwa kwindlela esebenza ngayo imizimba ziquka ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomzimba ngokusebenzisa uyilo olukhaphukhaphu noluncinci. Abasebenzi badla ngokunxiba izibane zentloko ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenza ukusasazwa kobunzima kube yinto ebalulekileyo. Iintambo ezihlengahlengiswayo zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze ngokwezifiso ukulingana, ukuqinisekisa intuthuzelo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentloko kunye neentloko. Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezandla kuphucula ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa, okwenza abasebenzi bakwazi ukugxila kwimisebenzi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Iimpawu ezininzi zokusebenziseka ziphucula amava apheleleyo kubaqhubi:

• Ulawulo oluqondayo lwenza kube lula ukusebenza, lunciphisa amathuba okuba kubekho iimpazamo kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Useto olufinyezwayo lubonelela ngokuguquguquka, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba balungise amanqanaba okukhanya ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi ethile okanye kwiimeko zokukhanya.
• Ubomi bebhetri obude buqinisekisa ukusebenza okungapheliyo ngexesha lokutshintshana ixesha elide, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezikude.

Indlela abasebenzisi abasebenzisana ngayo nezixhobo nayo inefuthe ekusebenzeni kwazo. Imiyalelo ecacileyo kunye neziboniso ezilula ukuzifunda zenza izibane zentloko zifikeleleke lula, kwanakubasebenzisi abaqalayo ukuzisebenzisa. Ezi mpawu aziphuculi nje kuphela ukhuseleko kodwa zikwanyusa imveliso ngokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elibangelwa kukudideka okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa.

Izifundo ze-Ergonomic ziyaqinisekisa le migaqo yoyilo. Zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomzimba, ukuphucula ubunzima kunye nobukhulu, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo. Ngokudibanisa ezi zinto, abavelisi benza izibane zentloko ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo zeendawo ezinobungozi ngelixa bebeka phambili impilo-ntle yabasebenzi.

Ingcebiso: Xa ukhetha isibane sentloko, cinga ngeemodeli ezineentambo ezihlengahlengiswayo, ulwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu, kunye nolawulo oluqondakala lula. Ezi mpawu ziphucula intuthuzelo kunye nokusetyenziswa, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinzima.

Ulondolozo kunye neMisebenzi eBalaseleyo

IiProtokholi zoHlolo noVavanyo oluQhelekileyo

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokuvavanywa kwezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwazo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Abasebenzi kufuneka bahlole isingxobo sezibane zentloko ukuze babone ukuba azinamivumbo okanye iimpawu zokuguguleka ezinokuthi zonakalise uyilo lwazo olungenakuqhuma. Iindawo zebhetri mazihlale zivaliwe kwaye zingagqwali ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle okunokwenzeka.Ukuvavanya ukukhanya okuphumayoNgaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo kwaye ichonga naziphi na iingxaki ngokukhanya okanye ukulungelelaniswa kwemitha.

Imibutho kufuneka imisele ishedyuliuvavanyo lwarhoqophantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo. Olu qheliselo lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isibane sentloko siyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiimeko zokwenyani. Ukubhala phantsi iziphumo zovavanyo kuvumela amaqela ukuba alandelele iipateni zokuguguleka kwaye ajongane nemiba ephindaphindayo ngokukhawuleza.

IngcebisoUkunika abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo uxanduva lokuhlola kuqinisekisa uvavanyo olucokisekileyo kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokonganyelwa.

Izikhokelo Zokucoca Nokugcina Izinto

Ukucoca nokugcina kakuhle kwandisa ubomi bezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ngelixa kugcinwa iimpawu zazo zokhuseleko. Ngaphambi kokucoca, abasebenzisi kufuneka bacime isixhobo baze basuse iibhetri ukuze baphephe iingozi zombane. Ilaphu elithambileyo kunye nesepha ethambileyo zisusa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kunye nokungcola kwikhabhathi. Iziphelo zebhetri kunye nezitywini kufuneka zihlolwe ngexesha lokucoca ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zilungile kwaye zisebenza.

Iimeko zokugcina zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni isibane sentloko siqinile. Izixhobo mazigcinwe kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo kude nelanga elithe ngqo okanye amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Ukusebenzisa amatyala okukhusela kuthintela umonakalo owenzeka ngengozi ngexesha lokugcina okanye ukuthuthwa.

Phawula: Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezirhabaxa okanye izinto ezirhabaxa ngexesha lokucoca, kuba ezi zinto zingonakalisa uphahla olukhuselayo lwesibane sentloko.

Ukhathalelo lwebhetri kunye nokutshintshwa kwayo

Ukugcina iibhetri zezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Abasebenzisi kufuneka bathembele kwiitshaja ezivunyiweyo ngumvelisi ukuthintela ukutshaja kakhulu okanye ukugqithisa kakhulu. Iibhetri akufuneki zivunyelwe ukuba zikhuphe ngokupheleleyo, njengoko oku kunokunciphisa ubomi bazo bonke. Ukugcina iibhetri kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala kobushushu.

Ukukwazi ukutshintsha iibhetri ngokulula kuphucula ukuthembeka kwezibane zentloko. Umzekelo, isibane sentloko seNightcore HA23UHE sivumela abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe iibhetri ze-AAA ngokulula. Olu phawu luqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswayo ngexesha lokutshintsha ixesha elide okanye imisebenzi yangaphandle, nto leyo enciphisa iinkxalabo malunga nobomi bebhetri kunye neemfuno zokutshaja kwakhona.

Ingcebiso: Hlola rhoqo iibhetri ukuze ubone iimpawu zokudumba okanye ukuvuza kwaye uzitshintshe ngoko nangoko ukuze uphephe iingozi ezinokubakho.

Ngokulandela le migaqo ilungileyo, amashishini anokwandisa ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nobude bexesha lezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Uqeqesho lokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthobela imithetho

Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi basebenzisa izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye bathobela imigangatho yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Imibutho esebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka ibeke phambili imfundo ukuze kuncitshiswe iingozi kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle.

Izinto eziphambili zeNkqubo yoQeqesho

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezisebenzayo kufuneka zijongane nezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Ukuqonda Iindawo EziyingoziAbasebenzi kufuneka bafunde ukwahlulahlula iindawo ezinobungozi (iZone 0, iZone 1, iZone 2) kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nayo nganye.
• Ukuqhelana nezixhoboUqeqesho lufanele lubandakanye iiseshoni zokwenza izinto ukuze abasebenzi baqhelane neempawu zezibane zentloko, kubandakanya useto lokukhanya, ukutshintshwa kwebhetri, kunye novavanyo lwe-IP.
• Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko: Abasebenzi kufuneka baqonde iinkqubo zokuhlola, ukucoca, kunye nokugcina izibane zentloko ukuze zigcine uyilo lwazo lukhuselekile ekuqhumeni.

Ingcebiso: Faka izixhobo ezibonakalayo kunye nemiboniso esebenzisana nayo ukuphucula ukugcinwa kunye nokuzibandakanya ngexesha leeseshoni zoqeqesho.

Iingenelo Zoqeqesho Oluqhelekileyo

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:

1. Ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo: Abasebenzi bafumana ulwazi lokuchonga iingozi ezinokubakho kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Uqinisekiso lokuThotyelwa kweMithethoUqeqesho olufanelekileyo luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-ATEX/IECEx, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokwaphulwa kwemithetho.
3. Ukusebenza kakuhle koMsebenzi: Abasebenzi abafundileyo banokuzisombulula iingxaki ezincinci, benciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye neendleko zokulungisa.

Iindlela zoQeqesho

Imibutho ingasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa:

• IiWorkshops EzikwindawoIiseshoni ezisebenzayo eziqhutywa kwiindawo ezinobungozi zibonelela ngamava okwenyani.
• Iimodyuli ze-E-LearningIikhosi ezikwi-intanethi zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kunye nokukhula kwamaqela amakhulu.
• Iinkqubo zeSatifikethiUkusebenzisana nemibutho yezoshishino kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bafumana uqeqesho oluvunyiweyo oluhambelana nemigangatho yehlabathi.

PhawulaIikhosi zokuhlaziya rhoqo zinceda abasebenzi bahlale benolwazi malunga nemigangatho yokhuseleko eguqukayo kunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo.

Umzekelo woShishino

Kwicandelo leoyile negesi, inkampani iqalise iiseshoni zoqeqesho zekota ezigxile kwizixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo yi-ATEX. Eli phulo linciphise iziganeko ezinxulumene nezixhobo ngama-35% kwaye laphucula ukuzithemba kwabasebenzi ekusingatheni imingeni yeendawo ezinobungozi.

Ngokutyala imali kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho ezibanzi, imibutho inokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthobela imithetho, ikhusela abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Imigangatho yokhuseleko yehlabathi jikelele yezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwiindawo ezinobungozi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle. Iziqinisekiso ezifana ne-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko ezingqongqo, zinciphisa iingozi kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Isikhumbuzo: Ukukhetha izibane zentloko ngenkuthalo ezineziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuzigcina zisebenza ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuthobela imithetho ixesha elide.

Ngokubeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nokunamathela kule migangatho, amashishini anokudala iindawo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo ngelixa ephucula imveliso kwaye enciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho.

FAQ

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweziqinisekiso ze-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx?

Isatifikethi se-ATEX sisebenza ngokukodwa kwiManyano yaseYurophu, ngelixa i-IECEx ibonelela ngesakhelo esaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela sokhuseleko lomoya oqhumayo. Zombini ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo, kodwa i-IECEx iququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulungelelanisa iimfuno kuzo zonke iindawo.

Zifanele zihlolwe kangaphi izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?

Izibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye kwaye zivavanywe rhoqo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sihlala sihambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ngaba isibane sentloko esinereyithingi ye-IP67 singasetyenziswa kwiZone 0?

Hayi, umlinganiselo we-IP67 ubonisa kuphela ukhuseleko eluthulini nasemanzini. Iindawo zeZone 0 zifuna izibane zentloko ezinesatifikethi se-ATEX okanye se-IECEx ukuqinisekisa amandla okumelana nokuqhuma kwiindawo ezinemozulu eqhumayo rhoqo.

Kutheni isiqinisekiso se-UL sibalulekile kwizibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona?

Isatifikethi se-UL siqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswa kwizibane zentloko. Siqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zinokumelana neemeko ezinzima, zithintele iingozi ezifana nokushisa kakhulu okanye ii-short circuits kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka abasebenzi bazibeke phambili xa bekhetha isibane sentloko?

Abasebenzi kufuneka babeke phambili isiqinisekiso sokumelana nokuqhuma (ATEX/IECEx), amanqanaba okukhanya afanelekileyo, ubomi bebhetri obude, kunye noyilo lwe-ergonomic. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko, intuthuzelo, kunye nokuthembeka kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ingcebiso: Soloko ufanisa iimpawu zesibane sentloko nohlu lweendawo ezinobungozi ezithile ukuze ufumane ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo.