ImiGangatho yoKhuseleko yeHlabathi yezibane zentloko eziTshajwayo kwakhona kwiiNdawo ezinobungozi

Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwehlabathi jikelele yezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwiindawo ezinobungozi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo apho iigesi eziqhumayo okanye uthuli olunokutsha lubeka umngcipheko. Le migangatho, efana nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx, iqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko, sinciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho.

Ukuthotyelwa kwale mimiselo kunempembelelo enkulu kukhuseleko emsebenzini. Njengokuba:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-OSHA kuye kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni kwe-9% yokulimala kunye nokwehla kwe-26% kwiindleko ezinxulumene nokulimala (uLevine et al., 2012).
2. Ukuhlolwa ngezohlwayo kubangele ukuhla kwe-19% yokulimala kweentsuku zokusebenza ezilahlekileyo (iGrey noMendeloff, 2005).
3. Amafemu anamava ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24% yokwehla kokulimala kwiminyaka emibini yokuhlolwa (Haviland et al., 2012).

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa indima ebalulekileyo yokuthobela ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Ukwazi iindawo ezinobungozi kubalulekile ukukhetha isibane esifanelekileyo. Indawo nganye idinga imithetho ethile yokhuseleko.
• Izatifikethi ze-ATEX kunye ne-IEEx zingqina ukuba izibane zentloko zilandela ngokungqongqoimithetho yokhuseleko. Oku kunciphisa imingcipheko kwiindawo eziyingozi.
• Ukukhangela kunye nokulungisa izibane zentlokoihlala ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Jonga umonakalo kwaye uvavanye ukukhanya ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
• Khetha izibane ezithambileyo nezilula ukuzisebenzisa. Oku kunceda ngexesha lomsebenzi omde kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
• Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nokuhlala ukhuselekile kwenza umsebenzi ukhuseleke kwaye ukhawuleze.

Iindawo ezinobungozi kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo

Inkcazo yeeNdawo ezinobungozi

Iindawo eziyingozi zibhekiselele kwiindawo apho umoya oqhumayo unokuvela ngenxa yobukho beegesi ezinokutsha, umphunga, uthuli, okanye imicu. Ezi zowuni zifuna amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo ukuthintela imithombo yokutshisa ekubangeleni izehlo eziyingozi. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yamkela iinkqubo zokuhlela ezikhethekileyo ukuchaza le mimandla.

Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki ekuchongeni nasekunciphiseni umngcipheko kuwo wonke amashishini.

UHlelo lwezowuni (iZowuni 0, uMmandla 1, uMmandla wesi-2)

Iindawo eziyingozi zikwahlulwa kwakhona ngokusekwe kumathuba kunye nobude bemozulu eqhumayo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza imilinganiselo yommandla ngamnye:

Olu lwahlulo lukhokelela ekukhethweni kwezixhobo, ezifanaizibane ezitshajwayo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa.

Amashishini aqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo

Iindawo ezinobungozi zixhaphakile kumashishini ahlukeneyo apho izinto ezinokutsha ziphathwa. Amacandelo aphambili abandakanya:

• Ioli kunye negesi
• Iikhemikhali kunye namayeza
• Ukutya kunye neziselo
• Amandla kunye namandla
• Ukwembiwa kwemigodi

Ngo-2020, amagumbi kaxakeka anyange malunga ne-1.8 yezigidi zabasebenzi ngenxa yokulimala okunxulumene nomsebenzi, egxininisa ukubaluleka kwamanyathelo okhuseleko kwezi ndawo. Izibane zentloko ezikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezinobungozi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Isatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx kunye neminye iMigangatho yeHlabathi

Isishwankathelo sesatifikethi se-ATEX

Isiqinisekiso se-ATEXiqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiatmosphere eziqhumayo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko. Isuka kwi-European Union, i-ATEX ifumana igama layo kwigama lesiFrentshi elithi "ATmosphères EXplosibles." Esi satifikethi sisebenza kuzo zombini izixhobo zombane kunye nezoomatshini, ziqinisekisa ukuba azibi yimithombo yokutshisa kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Abavelisi kufuneka bathobele imiyalelo ye-ATEX yokuthengisa iimveliso zabo eYurophu.

Iikhrayitheriya zobugcisa zesatifikethi se-ATEX zichazwe kwimigaqo ethile. Le miyalelo iqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kunye nokuthembeka kwimigangatho yokhuseleko:

Izifundo zophononongo ziqaqambisa izibonelelo zesatifikethi se-ATEX:

• Umzi-mveliso wepetrochemical uphuculwe ukuya kwi-ATEX Zone 1 eqinisekisiweyo yokukhangela igesi. Olu tshintsho luphucule ukubonwa kwangethuba lokuvuza kwerhasi, ukuncitshiswa kweziganeko, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokusebenza.
• Indawo yoxubo-mayeza ithathe indawo yezibane zesiqhelo yafaka i-ATEX Zone 1 eqinisekisiweyo yokukhanyisa ukudubula. Olu phuculo luphucule ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko kunye nokubonakala, ukudala indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.

Le mizekelo ibonisa indlela isatifikethi se-ATEX esiluphucula ngayo ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo eziyingozi.

ImiGangatho ye-IECEx kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kwiHlabathi liphela

Inkqubo ye-IECEx ibonelela ngesakhelo esamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele sokuqinisekisa izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiatmospheres eziqhumayo. Ephuhliswe yi-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokungafaniyo ne-ATEX, engqamene nommandla othile, isiqinisekiso se-IECEx siququzelela urhwebo lwehlabathi ngokungqamanisa iimfuno zokhuseleko kumazwe ngamazwe.

Imigangatho ye-IECEx ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenza kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokuthobela le migangatho, imibutho inokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zokuthotyelwa kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yeziqinisekiso ezininzi. Le ndlela ayigcini nje kuphela ixesha kodwa ikwaqinisekisa amanyathelo okhuseleko angatshintshiyo kuzo zonke iziza zokusebenza.

Ukufaneleka kwehlabathi jikelele kwemigangatho ye-IECEx kulele ekukwazini kwabo ukuvala iiyantlukwano zengingqi. Umzekelo, ngelixa iYurophu ixhomekeke kwisatifikethi se-ATEX, eminye imimandla emininzi, kubandakanya iOstreliya neNew Zealand, yamkela imigangatho ye-IECEx. Olu lungelelwaniso lukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye luphucula ukhuseleko kumashishini afana ne-oyile negesi, imigodi kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali.

Isatifikethi se-UL soKhuseleko lwebhetri

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-UL kugxile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Izibane ezihlaziywayo, ezihlala zixhotyiswe ngeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kufuneka zihlangabezane neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela iingozi ezifana nokushisa, iisekethe ezimfutshane, okanye ukuqhuma. Imigangatho ye-UL ilungisa le nkxalabo ngokuvavanya ukusebenza kwebhetri phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.

Iibhetri eziqinisekisiweyo ze-UL zivavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, uxinzelelo lomatshini, kunye nokuvezwa kwezinto ezinokutsha. Esi satifikethi sibaluleke kakhulu kwizibane zentloko eziphinda zitshajwe ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi, apho ukusilela kwebhetri kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo eziyingozi.

Ngokudibanisa isatifikethi se-UL kunye nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx, abavelisi banokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezibanzi zokhuseleko kwiimveliso zabo. Le ndlela imbini iqinisekisa ukubaizibane ezitshajwayoukuhlangabezana yomibini imigangatho yokhuseleko lombane kunye nebhetri, ezenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu.

Ukwahluka kwemimandla kwimigangatho yokhuseleko

Imigangatho yokhuseleko lwezibane zentloko eziphinda zitshajwe kwiindawo eziyingozi ziyohluka kakhulu kwimimandla yonke ngenxa yeyantlukwano kwizikhokelo zolawulo, izenzo zamashishini, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Olu lwahluko lubonisa imingeni eyodwa kunye nezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kwingingqi nganye, eziphembelela indlela amanyathelo okhuseleko aphunyezwa ngayo kwaye anyanzeliswe.

Imiba ephambili enefuthe kuMahluko weNgingqi

Ziliqela izinto ezinegalelo kwiiyantlukwano zengingqi kwimigangatho yokhuseleko. Ezi ziquka izinto ezicwangcisiweyo, izinto zabantu, kunye nokwahluka ngokwenkcubeko. Le theyibhile ilandelayo igxininisa ezi mpembelelo:

Imimandla enolawulo oluluqilima, njengeYurophu, igxininisa ukuthotyelwa kwesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, eminye imimandla inokubeka phambili imigangatho yasekhaya elungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zemizi-mveliso okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

Imizekelo yeMigangatho yoMmandla

1. IYurophu: IManyano yaseYurophu igunyazisa isiqinisekiso se-ATEX sezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwimozulu eqhumayo. Oku kuqinisekisa imilinganiselo yokhuseleko efanayo kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu, ikhuthaza inqanaba eliphezulu lokuthotyelwa.
2. amantla Emelika: I-United States kunye neKhanada zixhomekeke kwimigangatho ye-NEC kunye ne-CEC, ehlela iindawo ezinobungozi ngokwahlukileyo kwinkqubo yaseYurophu. Le migangatho igxile kwiimfuno ezineenkcukacha zokhuseleko lombane.
3. Asia-Pacific: Amazwe akulo mmandla akholisa ukusebenzisa umxube wemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, efana ne-IECEx, kunye nemigaqo yasekuhlaleni. Ngokomzekelo, i-Australia kunye neNew Zealand zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nemigangatho ye-IECEx, ngelixa amazwe ase-Southeast Asia anokufaka izikhokelo ezongezelelweyo ukujongana nemingeni yengingqi.

Iimpembelelo kubavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi

Abavelisi abajonge ukuthengisa izibane ezikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona kwihlabathi jikelele kufuneka bajonge lo mahluko wengingqi. Ukuthobela iziqinisekiso ezininzi, ezifana nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx kunye nemigangatho ye-UL, iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo. Kubasebenzisi, ukuqonda oku kwahluka kubalulekile ekukhetheni izixhobo ezithobela imimiselo yasekhaya kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko olulolona luphezulu kwiindawo eziyingozi.

Ingcebiso: Iinkampani ezisebenza kwimimandla emininzi kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukwamkela iziqinisekiso ezamkelwa lihlabathi jikelele njenge-IECEx ukuze kuthotyelwe ukuthotyelwa kunye nokomeleza ukhuseleko kuzo zonke iisayithi zokusebenza.

Ngokuqaphela kunye nokujongana nokuhluka kwemimandla kwimigangatho yokhuseleko, amashishini anokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okuqhubekayo kwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiphi indawo.

IiMfuno zobuGcisa kwizibane zentloko eziTshajwayo kwakhona

Ukuqina kweMathiriyeli kunye noYilo lobungqina bokudubula

Izibane zentloko ezikwaziyo ukutshajwa kwakhona ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zibonise ukomelela kwemathiriyeli eyodwa kunye namandla okuthintela uqhushumbo. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zinokumelana neemeko ezinzima ngelixa zikhusela umngcipheko wokutshisa kwiindawo ezinokutsha. Abavelisi baxhomekeke kwizibane zentlokouvavanyo olungqongqoukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokuthembeka.

• Iimvavanyo ezinobungqina bokudubulaqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwesibane sithintela iintlantsi okanye ubushushu ekuvutheni iigesi ezinokutsha.
• Iimvavanyo zokukhusela ukungenaVavanya iipropati zokungangeni kwamanzi kunye nothuli, ukukhusela amacandelo angaphakathi kwiindawo ezinzima.
• Iimvavanyo zokuxhathisa ukonakalaukuvavanya amandla e-headlamp ukunyamezela isitshizi setyuwa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kumashishini olwandle okanye amachiza.
• Iimvavanyo zokuxhathisa ukungcangcazelalinganisa ukungcangcazela okusebenzayo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwesixhobo.
• Iimvavanyo zokuziqhelanisa nobushushuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye kubanda, ukuthintela ukudinwa kwezinto.

Olu vavanyo, ludityaniswe nezatifikethi ezifana nesatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx, ziqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Eli nqanaba lokuqina kunye noyilo lobungqina bokudubula lubalulekileamashishini afana neoyile negesi, imigodi, kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, apho ukhuseleko lungenako ukuphazamiseka.

Ukhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nokuThobela

Iibhetri ezixhobisa izibane zentloko ezikwaziyo ukutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zihlangabezane nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokuthotyelwa ukuthintela iingozi ezinokubakho. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion, eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo, zivavanywa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindawo eziyingozi.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko angundoqo aquka:

• Ukukhuselwa ekugqithiseni, okunokukhokelela ekubalekeni kwe-thermal okanye ukuqhuma.
• Ukuthintelwa kweesekethe ezimfutshane ngoyilo oluqinileyo lwangaphakathi.
• Ukumelana noxinzelelo lomatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ihlala yomelele ngexesha lokuhla okanye iimpembelelo.
• Ukuhambelana nokushisa okugqithisileyo, ukugcina ukusebenza ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukhuseleko.

Isatifikethi se-UL sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zihlangabezana nemigangatho yehlabathi yokuthembeka nokusebenza. Xa idibene ne-ATEX / IECEx isatifikethi, inika isiqinisekiso esipheleleyo sokuba isibane sentloko sikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu.

Ukukhanya okuPhumayo kunye nokuSebenza kweBeam

Ukukhanyisa okusebenzayo kubalulekile kubasebenzi abasebenza kwiindawo eziyingozi. Izibane ezikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zinike ukukhanya okungaguquguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komqadi ukunyusa ukubonakala kunye nokhuseleko.

Abavelisi bagxile kwimiba emininzi ukuphumeza oku:

• Amanqanaba okukhanyakufuneka zanele ukukhanyisa izithuba ezimnyama okanye ezivalelekileyo ngaphandle kokubanga ilitha.
• Umgama weBeam kunye nobubanzikufuneka inike imbono ecacileyo yendawo engqongileyo, ivumela abasebenzi ukuba bachonge iingozi ezinokubakho.
• Ubude obude bemveliso yokukhanyaiqinisekisa ukuba isibane sihlala sisebenza kulo lonke utshintsho olwandisiweyo lomsebenzi.
• Iisetingi ezilungisekayovumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze ubungakanani bokukhanya kunye nokugxila kwi-beam ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi ethile.

Iimvavanyo zentsebenzo ye-Optical ziqinisekisa ezi mpawu, ziqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sihlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino yokukhanya kunye nomgangatho we-beam. Izibane eziphezulu zokusebenza aziphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa zinciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Imilinganiselo ye-IP kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo

Izibane zentloko ezikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zimelane neemeko ezicela umngeni zokusingqongileyo. IP ratings, okanyeImilinganiselo yoKhuseleko lwe-Ingress, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukukwazi kwesixhobo ukuxhathisa uthuli, amanzi kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle. Olu linganiso, lusekwe yiKomishoni yoMbane weHlabathi (i-IEC), ibonelela ngomlinganiselo osemgangathweni wokhuseleko.

Ukuqonda Imilinganiselo ye-IP

Iireyithingi ze-IP zineedijithi ezimbini. Idijithi yokuqala ibonisa ukukhuselwa kumasuntswana aqinileyo, ngelixa idijithi yesibini imele ukuxhathisa kulwelo. Amanani aphezulu abonisa ukhuseleko olukhulu. Umzekelo:

Ezi zilinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko zihlala zisebenza kwindawo apho uthuli, ukufuma, okanye amanzi anokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo.

Ukubaluleka kweeReyithingi ze-IP kwiiNdawo ezinobungozi

Iindawo ezinobungozi zihlala ziveza izixhobo kwiimeko ezinzima. Izibane zentloko ezihlawulelwayo kufuneka zihlangabezane nemilinganiselo ethile ye-IP ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko. Iinzuzo eziphambili ziquka:

• Ukuxhathisa uthuli: Ithintela amasuntswana ukuba angangeni kwisixhobo, anokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ubungozi bokuvutha.
• Ukuthintela amanzi: Ikhusela amacandelo angaphakathi kumswakama, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo kwiindawo ezimanzi.
• Ukuqina: Ukuphucula ubomi be-headlamp, ukunciphisa iindleko zokugcina kunye nexesha lokunciphisa.

Ingcebiso: Xa ukhetha isibane sentloko seendawo ezinobungozi, beka phambili iimodeli nge IP67 okanye iireyithingi eziphezulu zokhuseleko olululo.

Uvavanyo kunye neSiqinisekiso soKhuseleko lweNdalo

Abavelisi bajonga izibane zentloko kuvavanyo olungqongqo ukuze baqinisekise iireyithingi zabo ze-IP. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa iimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Iimvavanyo zegumbi lothuli: Vavanya ukukwazi kwesibane ukuchasa amasuntswana amahle.
• Iimvavanyo zokutshiza ngamanzi: Vavanya ukhuseleko kwiijethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Iimvavanyo zokuntywiliselwa: Qinisekisa ukusebenza phantsi kokuba sesichengeni samanzi ixesha elide.

Izixhobo eziphumelele ezi mvavanyo zifumana izatifikethi, ezifana ne-ATEX okanye i-IECEx, eqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwazo kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwesicelo

Amashishini ahlukeneyo afuna amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo:

• I-oyile neGesi: Izibane zentloko kufuneka zixhathise uthuli kunye nokuvezwa kwamanzi ngexesha lomsebenzi wokomba.
• Ukwembiwa kwemigodi: Izixhobo kufuneka zimelane nokuntywiliselwa kwiitonela ezizaliswe ngamanzi.
• Ukwenziwa kweMichiza: Izixhobo kufuneka zihlale zisebenza kwindawo enezinto ezonakalisayo.

Ukukhetha isibane esifanelekileyo se-IP siqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi zicelo zifunayo.

Phawula: Ukalo lwe-IP lulodwa aluqinisekisi amandla obungqina bokudubula. Soloko uqinisekisa i-ATEX okanye isiqinisekiso se-IECEx sokuthotyelwa kwendawo eyingozi.

Ngokuqonda ukulinganiswa kwe-IP kunye nendima yabo ekukhuselweni kwendalo, amashishini anokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi xa ekhetha izibane zentloko ezinokutsha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu.

Ukukhetha isibane esiLungelo esiTshajwayo

Ukuhambelana neempawu zesibane sentloko ukuya kuHlelo lweNdawo enobungozi

Ukukhetha isibane esilungele ukutshajwa kwakhona siqala ngokuqonda into ethileukuhlelwa kwendawo enobungoziapho iya kusetyenziswa. Ummandla ngamnye—uZowuni 0, uZowuni 1, okanye uMmandla wesi-2—ufuna izixhobo ezineempawu zokhuseleko ezilungiselelweyo ukunciphisa imingcipheko. Umzekelo, iindawo ezisingqongileyo zoMmandla we-0 zifuna izibane zentloko ezinomgangatho ophezulu woyilo lobungqina bokudubula, njengoko iiatmospheres eziqhumayo zihlala zikhona. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izibane zentloko zeZone 2 zinokubeka phambili ukuqina kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, njengoko umngcipheko wesimo esiqhumayo unqabile.

Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lwezibane zentloko ezitshajwayo kunye nezisebenza ngebhetri zinokukhokelela ngakumbi ekwenzeni izigqibo:

Le theyibhile ibonisa indlela iimfuno zokusebenza kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo zichaphazela ukhetho lweempawu ze-headlamp.

Ukuvavanya iSatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx kunye nokuThobela

Isatifikethi se-ATEX/IECEx sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwezibane zentloko ezinokutshajwa kwakhona kwiindawo eziyingozi. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziye zavavanywa ngokuzimeleyo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko. UMyalelo we-ATEX, umzekelo, uchaza iimfuno eziyimfuneko zempilo kunye nokhuseleko kwiimveliso ezisetyenziswa kwindawo enoqhushumbo. Ukuthotyelwa kwale migangatho akuphuculi nje kuphela ukhuseleko kodwa kukwabonelela ngentelekelelo yokuthotyelwa, ukwenza lula iinkqubo zokuvunywa kwemithetho.

Kumashishini asebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi, ukukhetha izibane zentloko kunye ne-ATEX / IECEx isatifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo azifaki ingozi eyongezelelweyo. Esi satifikethi sibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nezityalo zekhemikhali okanye iindawo zokucokisa ioyile, apho nemithombo yomlilo emincinci inokukhokelela kwizehlo eziyingozi.

Iingqwalasela eziKhethekileyo zeSicelo (Ukukhanya, ixesha lokuqhuba, njl.njl.)

Iimfuno zokusebenza zommandla onobungozi zihlala zilawula iimpawu ezithile ezifunekayo kwisibane sentloko esitshajekayo. Amanqanaba okuqaqamba, umzekelo, kufuneka alungelelane phakathi kokubonelela ngokukhanya okwaneleyo kunye nokuphepha ilitha elinokuphazamisa ukubonakala. Ixesha lokubaleka ngomnye umba obalulekileyo, ngakumbi kubasebenzi abakwiindawo ezikude okanye ngexesha lokutshintsha okwandisiweyo. Izibane zentloko ezinesetingi zokukhanya okuhlengahlengiswayo kunye neebhetri ezihlala ixesha elide zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokuthembeka.

Izifundo zophononongo zibonisa ukuvela kweempawu zezibane zentloko ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno. Umzekelo, utshintsho ukusuka kwi-MIL-STD-810F ukuya kwimigangatho ye-MIL-STD-810G iphucule ukuqina kunye nokhuseleko kwimisebenzi yemigodi. Olu phuculo luqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kuzo zonke iindawo ezinobungozi, zikhusela abasebenzi kwiimeko zemozulu egqithisileyo.

Ingcebiso: Xa ukhetha isibane, beka phambili iimpawu ezihambelana nemisebenzi ethile kunye nemingeni yokusingqongileyo yendawo enobungozi.

Uyilo lwe-ergonomic kunye nomsebenzisi-friendly

Izibane zentloko ezikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zibeke phambili i-ergonomics kunye nokusebenziseka kakuhle komsebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi. Izixhobo eziyilwe kakubi zinokukhokelela kuxinzelelo lomzimba, ukunciphisa imveliso, kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wempazamo yabaqhubi. Abavelisi bajongana nale mingeni ngokubandakanya iimpawu eziphucula ukukhululeka, ukusebenziseka, kunye nokusebenza.

Imiba ephambili ye-ergonomic ibandakanya ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomzimba ngoyilo olukhaphukhaphu kunye noludibeneyo. Abasebenzi basoloko benxiba izibane zentloko ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ubunzima bobunzima bubaluleke kakhulu. Imitya elungelelanisiweyo ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze ngokwezifiso ukulingana, baqinisekise ukuthuthuzelwa kubo bonke ubungakanani beentloko ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zesigcina-ntloko. Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezandla kwandisa ngakumbi ukusebenziseka, okwenza abasebenzi bagxile kwimisebenzi ngaphandle kweziphazamiso.

Iimpawu ezininzi zokusebenziseka ziphucula amava ngokubanzi kubasebenzisi:

• Ulawulo olucacileyo lulula ukusebenza, lunciphisa ukubakho kweempazamo kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
• Izicwangciso ezincitshisiweyo zibonelela ngokuguquguquka, ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukulungelelanisa amanqanaba okukhanya ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi ethile okanye iimeko zokukhanyisa.
• Ubomi bebhetri obude buqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa ngexesha lokutshintsha okwandisiweyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikude.

Indlela abasebenzisi abanxibelelana ngayo nesixhobo nayo ichaphazela ukusebenza kwayo. Imiyalelo ecacileyo kunye neziboniso ezilula ukufunda zenza ukuba izibane zentloko zifikeleleke ngakumbi, nakubasebenzisi bokuqala. Ezi mpawu aziphuculi kuphela ukhuseleko kodwa ziphakamisa imveliso ngokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla elibangelwa ukudideka okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi.

Izifundo ze-ergonomic ziqinisekisa le migaqo yoyilo. Bagxininisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba, ukwandisa ubunzima kunye nobukhulu, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okucacileyo. Ngokudibanisa ezi zinto, abavelisi benza izibane zentloko ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo zemimandla enobungozi ngelixa bebeka phambili impilo-ntle yabasebenzi.

Ingcebiso: Xa ukhetha isibane, qwalasela iimodeli ezinemitya elungelelanisiweyo, ulwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu, kunye nolawulo olulula. Ezi mpawu zomeleza intuthuzelo kunye nokusebenziseka, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinomngeni.

ULondolozo kunye neZenzo ezilungileyo

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye noVavanyo lweProtocol

Ukuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo lwezibane ezitshajekayo ziyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwazo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Abasebenzi kufuneka baphonononge isingxobo sesibane sentloko ukuba akukho iintanda okanye iimpawu zokuguga ezinokuthi zibeke esichengeni uyilo lwalo olungenogqabhuka. Amacandelo ebhetri kufuneka ahlale evaliwe kwaye engenamhlwa ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle okunokwenzeka.Ukuvavanya ukuphuma kokukhanyaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngalunye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhambelanayo kwaye ichonge nayiphi na imiba ngokukhanya okanye ukulungelelaniswa kwe-beam.

Imibutho kufuneka iseke ishedyuli yeuvavanyo rhoqophantsi kweemeko ezifanisiweyo zokusebenza. Olu qheliselo lunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko siyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiimeko zehlabathi lokwenene. Ukubhalwa kweziphumo zohlolo kuvumela amaqela ukuba alandele iipatheni zokunxiba kunye nokujongana nemiba eqhubekayo ngokuqhubekayo.

Ingcebiso: Ukwabela uxanduva lokuhlolwa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kuqinisekisa uphononongo olucokisekileyo kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokongamela.

IziKhokelo zokuCoca nokuGcina

Ukucocwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwezibane ezihlawulekayo ngelixa zigcina iimpawu zabo zokhuseleko. Ngaphambi kokucoca, abasebenzisi kufuneka bacime isixhobo kwaye basuse iibhetri ukuphepha iingozi zombane. Ilaphu elithambileyo kunye nesepha ethambileyo isusa ngokufanelekileyo ubumdaka kunye nokungcola kwi-casing. Iitheminali zebhetri kunye nezitywina kufuneka zihlolwe ngexesha lokucoca ukuqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zilungile kwaye zisebenza.

Iimeko zokugcina zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ingqibelelo yesibane. Izixhobo kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kude nelanga elithe ngqo okanye amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Ukusebenzisa iimeko zokukhusela kuthintela umonakalo ngengozi ngexesha lokugcinwa okanye ukuthutha.

Phawula: Gwema ukusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezinobunzima okanye izinto ezinqabileyo ngexesha lokucoca, njengoko ezi zinto zinokunciphisa iingubo ezikhuselayo ze-headlamp.

Ukhathalelo lwebhetri kunye noTshintsho

Ukugcina iibhetri zezibane ezikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngendlela engaguqukiyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Abasebenzisi kufuneka bathembele kwiitshaja ezivunywe ngumvelisi ukunqanda ukutshaja okanye ukufudumeza ngokugqithisileyo. Iibhetri akufanele zivunyelwe ukuba zikhuphe ngokupheleleyo, njengoko oku kunokunciphisa ubomi babo bonke. Ukugcina iibhetri kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala kwe-thermal.

Ukukwazi ukutshintsha iibhetri ngokulula kwandisa ukuthembeka kwezibane zentloko. Umzekelo, isibane se-Nightcore HA23UHE sivumela abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe iibhetri ze-AAA ngaphandle komzamo. Eli nqaku liqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo ngexesha lokutshintsha okwandisiweyo okanye imisebenzi yangaphandle, ukunciphisa inkxalabo malunga nobomi bebhetri kunye neemfuno zokutshaja kwakhona.

Ingcebiso: Zihlole rhoqo iibhetri iimpawu zokudumba okanye ezivuzayo kwaye uzibuyisele ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela iingozi ezinokubakho.

Ngokulandela ezi ndlela zilungileyo, amashishini anokwandisa ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nobomi obude bezibane zentloko eziphinda zitshajwe kwiindawo eziyingozi.

Uqeqesho lokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa

Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi basebenzisa izibane ezitshajwayo ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye bathobele imigangatho yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Imibutho esebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka ibeke phambili imfundo ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Amacandelo aPhambili kwiiNkqubo zoQeqesho

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezisebenzayo kufuneka zijongane nale miba ilandelayo:

• Ukuqonda iiNdawo ezinobungozi: Abasebenzi kufuneka bafunde ukuhlelwa kwemimandla eyingozi (Zone 0, Zone 1, Zone 2) kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nayo nganye.
• Ukuqhelaniswa kwezixhobo: Uqeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye iiseshini zokuziqhelanisa nabasebenzi abaneempawu zezibane zentloko, kubandakanywa nezicwangciso zokukhanya, ukutshintshwa kwebhetri, kunye nemilinganiselo ye-IP.
• Imigaqo yoKhuseleko: Abaqeshwa mabaziqonde iinkqubo zokuhlola, ukucoca, kunye nokugcinwa kwezibane zentloko ukuze zigcine uyilo lwazo olungaqhumi.

Ingcebiso: Hlanganisa izixhobo ezibonwayo kunye nemiboniso edibeneyo yokuphucula ukugcinwa kunye nokuzibandakanya ngexesha leeseshoni zoqeqesho.

Iinzuzo zoQeqesho rhoqo

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:

1. Ukhuseleko olomeleziweyo: Abasebenzi bafumana ulwazi lokuchonga iingozi ezinokubakho kwaye basebenzise izixhobo ngokuchanekileyo.
2. Isiqinisekiso sokuThotyelwa: Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-ATEX / IECEx, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphulwa kokulawula.
3. Ubuchule bokusebenza: Abasebenzi abafundileyo banokucombulula imiba emincinci, banciphise ixesha lokuphumla kunye neendleko zokugcina.

Iindlela zokuNikezela ngoQeqesho

Imibutho inokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa uqeqesho:

• Iiworkshops ezikwisiza: Iiseshini ezisebenzayo eziqhutywa kwiindawo ezinobungozi zibonelela ngamava ehlabathi lokwenyani.
• Iimodyuli ze-E-Learning: Izifundo ezikwi-Intanethi zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina kumaqela amakhulu.
• IiNkqubo zeZiqinisekiso: Ukusebenzisana namaqumrhu oshishino kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bafumana uqeqesho oluvunyiweyo oluhambelana nemigangatho yehlabathi.

Phawula: Izifundo zokuhlaziya rhoqo zinceda abasebenzi ukuba bahlale benolwazi malunga nokutshintsha kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo.

Umzekelo woShishino

Kwicandelo leoli kunye negesi, inkampani iphumeze iiseshoni zoqeqesho zekota ezigxile kwizixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX. Eli nyathelo linciphise izehlo ezinxulumene nezixhobo ngama-35% kwaye liphucule ukuzithemba kwabasebenzi ekujonganeni nemingeni eyingozi kwindawo.

Ngotyalo-mali kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho ezibanzi, imibutho inokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa, ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu.

Imigangatho yokhuseleko yehlabathi yezibane zentloko eziphinda zitshajwe kwiindawo ezinobungozi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Izatifikethi ezifana ne-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko, zinciphisa imingcipheko kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu.

Isikhumbuzi: Ukukhetha ngokukhawuleza izibane zentloko kunye neziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuzigcina ngokuhlola rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokuthotyelwa.

Ngokubeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela le migangatho, amashishini anokudala iindawo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo ngelixa ephucula imveliso kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho.

FAQ

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ATEX kunye ne-IEECX izatifikethi?

Isatifikethi se-ATEX sisebenza ngokukodwa kwiManyano yaseYurophu, ngelixa i-IECEx ibonelela ngesakhelo esamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele sokhuseleko lomoya oqhushumbayo. Zombini ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko, kodwa i-IECEx iququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokungqamanisa iimfuno kwimimandla.

Kufuneka zihlolwe kangaphi izibane zentloko ezitshajekayo?

Izibane zentloko ezikwazi ukutshajwa kwakhona kufuneka zihlolwe phambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye kunye novavanyo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha phantsi kweemeko ezifanisiweyo zokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sihlala sihambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye sisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ngaba isibane sentloko esinomlinganiselo we-IP67 singasetyenziswa kwiZowuni 0?

Hayi, umlinganiselo we-IP67 ubonisa kuphela ukhuseleko eluthulini nasemanzini. Imimandla ye-Zone 0 ifuna izibane zentloko ezinesatifikethi se-ATEX okanye se-IECEx ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okuthintela ukuqhuma kwiindawo ezinomoya oqhumayo oqhubekayo.

Kutheni le nto isiqinisekiso se-UL sibalulekile kwizibane eziphinda zitshajwe?

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-UL kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziselwa izibane zentloko. Iyaqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko ezigqithisileyo, zithintela imingcipheko efana nobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye iisekethe ezimfutshane kwiindawo eziyingozi.

Ziziphi iimpawu ekufuneka abasebenzi bazibeke phambili xa bekhetha isibane?

Abasebenzi kufuneka babeke phambili isiqinisekiso sobungqina bokudubula (ATEX/IECEx), amanqanaba okukhanya afanelekileyo, ubomi bebhetri obude, kunye noyilo lwe-ergonomic. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko, intuthuzelo, kunye nokuthembeka kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ingcebiso: Soloko uthelekisa iimpawu zesibane kuhlelo oluthile lwezowuni enobungozi ukwenzela ukhuseleko olulolona luphezulu.