Ukuthotyelwa kweMigangatho yeHlabathi: Izibane zentloko kwiiNdawo eziNcedayo ezinobungozi

Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yehlabathi kuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nebenchmarks zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo kwindawo enobungozi. Izibane eziqinisekisiweyo, ezifanaIzibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX, zivavanywa ngokungqongqo ukumelana nemimoya eqhumayo, ukunciphisa imingcipheko yabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo. Umzekelo, iEuropean Union's ATEX Directive igunyazisa uvavanyo olubanzi, oluhlala luxabisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-€100,000 kwaye kuthatha unyaka ukuyigqiba. Ukungathobeli akubeki ubomi kuphela emngciphekweni kodwa kukhokelela kwizohlwayo eziqatha. Umenzi waseJamani ujongene ne-1.2 yezigidi zee-euro kwizohlwayo ngo-2021 ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kokungena kwamanzi. Le mizekelo igxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yeziqinisekiso ezisemgangathweni zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuthembeka.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Ukulandela imigaqo yehlabathi, njenge-ATEX kunye ne-UL, igcinaizibane zentloko zikhuselekile kwiindawo ezinobungozi.
• Izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyoukunciphisa amathuba okuba nemililo okanye uqhushumbo, ukugcina abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo zikhuselekile.
• Ukukhangela kunye nokulungisa izibane zentloko kaninzi kubalulekile ukuzigcina zikhuselekile kwaye zifikelele kumgangatho.
• Ukwazi ukuba umsebenzi ngamnye ufuna ntoni kunceda ukukhetha isibane esilungileyo sokhuseleko kunye nomsebenzi ngokulula.
• Ukujonga iilebhile kunye nezatifikethi kwizibane zentloko kuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye zithembekile.

Ubume obunobungozi kunye nokuThobela

Ukuchaza iindawo ezinobungozi

Iindawo ezinobungozi ziindawo zokusebenza apho ubukho bezinto ezinokutsha, uthuli oluvuthayo, okanye iintsinga ezivuthayo zibeka ingozi enkulu kukhuseleko. Le mimandla ihlelwe ngokweendidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• Iklasi I: Iindawo ezineegesi ezinokutsha, umphunga, okanye ulwelo, njengemizi yokucoca i-petroleum nemizi-mveliso yegesi yendalo.
• Udidi II: Iindawo apho uthuli oluvuthayo, olufana neenkozo okanye amasuntswana omgubo, lunokuqokelelana, kubandakanywa izinyusi zengqolowa kunye nezixhobo zokusila zomgubo.
• Udidi III: Iindawo zokusebenzela eziqulethe iifiber ezivuthayo okanye iindiza, ezixhaphake ngokufumaneka kwii-textile mills kunye nezixhobo zomthi.

Ukuqonda olu lwahlulo kunceda amashishini aphumeze amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kwaye ukhethe izixhobo ezithobelayo, ezifanaIzibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX, ukunciphisa imingcipheko.

Iingozi eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi

Iimeko ezingqongileyo ezinobungozi zibeka abasebenzi kumngcipheko oliqela, kubandakanya ukudubula, imililo, kunye nokuvezwa yityhefu. Ngokomzekelo, uthuli oluvuthayo kwiindawo zeKlasi ye-II luyakwazi ukuvutha kwaye lubangele ukuqhuma kwentlekele. Ngokufanayo, iigesi ezinokutsha kwiindawo zeKlasi I zinokukhokelela kwimililo ukuba zitshiswa ngezixhobo zombane. Le mingcipheko igxininisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezilungiselelwe ukuthintela iziganeko ezinjalo.

Ukuthobela imimiselo yokhuseleko, amashishini ahlala eqhuba uphando ukuchonga iingozi ezinokubakho. Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza iimfuno eziphambili zokuthobela:

Kutheni ukuthobela kubalulekile kukhuseleko

Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwehlabathi kubalulekile ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukufa kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Umzekelo, iindawo zokwakhiwa kweendlela zinika ingxelo yokubhubha kwabasebenzi abali-123 ngonyaka, izehlo ezininzi ezinxulunyaniswa nokungathotyelwa kwemithetho. Ukuthobela imigangatho efana ne-American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel (ANSI/ISEA 107-2020) iyanciphisa kakhulu ingozi.

Ukungathobeli kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo eziqatha, kuquka izohlwayo eziya kuthi ga kwi-15,000 yeedola ngokuphulwa kwe-OSHA. Iziphumo zomthetho, ezifana nezimangalo kunye namabango e-inshurensi, zigxininisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka kokuthotyelwa. Izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo, ezinjengezibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi ngokuhlangabezana nemilinganiselo yokusebenza engqongqo.

IMigangatho yeHlabathi ePhambili kwiiHeadlamps

Izibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX kunye nokubaluleka kwazo

Izibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Eziizibane zentloko zihambelana neYurophuI-ATEX Directive yeManyano, elawula izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiatmospheres eziqhumayo. Isiqinisekiso sabo siqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wemithombo yokutshisa kwiindawo ezichazwe njengeMimandla ye-ATEX.

Isatifikethi se-ATEX Zone 1 sibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini afana nemigodi kunye ne-oyile negesi. Iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuneko zolawulo, ukuthintela iingozi kunye nokukhusela abasebenzi. Abavelisi abasebenzisa izixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX babonisa ukuzibophelela kwabo kukhuseleko lokusebenza, ukwakha ukuthembana kubathengi kunye nokuphucula isidima sabo.

Ukubaluleka kwezibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX zidlulela ngaphaya kokuthotyelwa. Ezi zibane zizalisekisa uxanduva lokuziphatha lokukhusela abasebenzi kunye nepropathi kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Uyilo lwabo olukhusela uqhushumbo kunye neempawu ezikhuseleke ngaphakathi zibenza babaluleke kakhulu kumashishini apho ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu.

Isiqinisekiso se-IECEx sokuthotyelwa kwezizwe ngezizwe

Isatifikethi se-IECEx sibonelela ngesakhelo esamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwimozulu eqhumayo. Esi satifikethi senza lula ukuthotyelwa kwabavelisi ngokususa imfuno yeziqinisekiso ezininzi zelizwe. Iluncedo kakhulu kwiinkampani ezifuna ukwanda kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko jikelele.

Inkqubo yoqinisekiso lwe-IECEx ibandakanya ukufumana iSatifikethi sokuThotyelwa kwe-IECEx. Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-IECEx, ukwandisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ngokulungelelanisa ukuthotyelwa, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-IECEx kunciphisa iindleko kwaye kukhawulezise ukungena kwimarike kubavelisi.

• Isatifikethi se-IECEx sibonelela ngesikimu esidityanisiweyo esinciphisa ubunzima bokuhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zemimiselo yelizwe.
• Ixhasa abavelisi ekungeneni kwiimarike ezintsha ngokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe.
• Inkqubo yoqinisekiso ibandakanya uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye novavanyo, iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-IECEx ye-atmospheres eqhumayo.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-UL kuMntla Melika

Isatifikethi se-UL sisiseko sokuthotyelwa kokhuseleko eNyakatho Melika. Iqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kommandla, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo nge-UL zivavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zingaqhushumba kwaye ziyilwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi, zizenza zilungele imizi-mveliso efana neyokwakha, iikhemikhali zepetroli kunye nokuvelisa.

Isatifikethi se-UL sikwajongana neeyantlukwano zengingqi kwimigangatho. Ngokomzekelo, ihambelana neKhowudi yeSizwe yoMbane (NEC) kunye nemimiselo yoKhuseleko lwezeMisebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA), ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko yaseMntla Melika. Oku kulungelelaniswa kwenza izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo ze-UL zibe zikhetho ezinokuthenjwa kumashishini asebenza e-United States naseKhanada.

Abavelisi bayazuza kwisatifikethi se-UL ngokufumana ukufikelela kwimarike ebanzi kunye nokubonisa ukuzinikela kwabo kukhuseleko. Abasebenzi baxhomekeke kwii-headlamps eziqinisekisiweyo ze-UL ngokuhlala kwabo, ukusebenza, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yendawo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwiindawo ezinzima.

Umahluko wengingqi kwimigangatho

Imigangatho yezibane zentloko ezisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinobungozi zihluke kakhulu kwimimandla yonke. Olu lwahluko lubonisa izikhokelo zolawulo ezizodwa, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye neemfuno zoshishino zommandla ngamnye. Abavelisi kufuneka bajonge lo mahluko ukuze baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kunye nokugcina ukhuseleko kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo.

EYurophu: ATEX Directive

IYurophu inyanzelisa i-ATEX Directive, elawula izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiatmospheres eziqhumayo. Lo mmiselo ubeka ngokweendidi iizowuni ezinobungozi ngokusekwe kumathuba okuba neemeko zoqhushumbo. Izibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX zibalulekile kumashishini asebenza kwezi zowuni, njengoko zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko. Umyalelo ugunyazisa uvavanyo olungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko azinakudubula kwaye zikhuselekile ngokwangaphakathi.

UMntla Melika: Imigangatho ye-UL

KuMntla Melika, isiqinisekiso se-UL silawula indawo yolawulo. Imigangatho ye-UL ihambelana neKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe (NEC) kunye nezikhokelo zoKhuseleko loMsebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA). Le migangatho ibeka phambili uyilo olungangqini ukudubula kunye nokuhambelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko yasekhaya. Amashishini afana ne-petrochemicals kunye nokwakhiwa kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwii-headlamps eziqinisekisiweyo ze-UL ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthotyelwa kwengingqi.

I-Asia-Pacific: Izicwangciso ezisakhulayo

Ummandla waseAsia-Pacific ubonisa umxube wemigangatho esekiweyo nesakhulayo. Amazwe afana ne-Australia kunye neNew Zealand amkela isatifikethi se-IECEx, eqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngeli xesha, amazwe afana neTshayina kunye neIndiya aphuhlisa izikhokelo zasekhaya ukujongana neemfuno zabo ezizodwa zoshishino. Abavelisi abajolise kulo mmandla kufuneka baziqhelanise nemeko yolawulo eguquguqukayo.

Iimpembelelo kubavelisi

Ukwahluka kwemimandla kwimigangatho kuzisa imingeni kubavelisi. Bamele batyale imali kwizatifikethi ezilungiselelwe kwiimarike ezithile, ezinokunyusa iindleko kunye nobunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda oku kwahluka kwakhona kunika amathuba okukhula. Ngokuvelisa izibane zentloko ezihambelana nemigangatho emininzi, abavelisi banokwandisa ukufikelela kwabo kwihlabathi kwaye bakhulise udumo lwabo lokhuseleko nokuthembeka.

Ingcebiso:Iinkampani kufuneka zibeke phambili iziqinisekiso ezifana ne-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx ukuze kuthotyelwe ukuthotyelwa kwimimandla emininzi.

Iimpawu zezibane zentloko ezithobelayo

Ubungqina bokudubula kunye noyilo olukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi

Ubungqina bokudubula kunye noyilo olukhuselekileyo lwangaphakathi lubalulekile kwizibane zentloko ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo azibasi umoya oqhumayo, ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo. Izibane zentloko ezikhuselekileyo ngokwangaphakathi, zihlala ziqinisekisiwe nge-ATEX, zenziwa ukuba zisebenze ngamandla amancinci, zithintele iintlantsi okanye ubushushu obunokuthi buqalise ukudubula.

Amanyathelo aphambili abonisa ukuthotyelwa kobungqina bokudubula kunye nemigangatho ekhuselekileyo yangaphakathi ibandakanya:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX eziyilelwe ukunqanda ukuvutha kwi-atmospheres eqhumayo.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa ukuqinisekisa iimeko zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo.
• Ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo zokubona irhasi ukujonga iirhasi eziqhumayo okanye umphunga.
• Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya ezaneleyo zokunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezinokutsha.
• Ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo ezingxamisekileyo kwiimeko zengozi.

Ezi mpawu zenza izibane ezithobelayo zibe yimfuneko kumashishini afana nemigodi, i-oyile, kunye negesi, apho ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu.

Imigangatho yokungangeni manzi, ingangenwa luthuli, kunye neyokukhwankqisa

Izibane zentloko ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezinobungozi kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokungangeni kwamanzi, uthuli, kunye nemigangatho eyothusayo ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka. Izibane ezininzi ezithobelayo zifikelela kwimilinganiselo ephezulu yoKhuseleko lwe-Ingress (IP), ebonisa amandla abo okumelana neemeko ezinzima. Umzekelo, iimodeli ezifana ne-Fenix ​​HM50R V2.0 kunye ne-Nitecore HC33 ziqhayisa ngomlinganiselo we-IP68, zibenza zikhuseleke eluthulini kwaye zikwazi ukuntywila ngokupheleleyo ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzu engama-30. Ezinye, ezifana neZebralight H600c Mk IV 18650, zinezinga le-IPX8, eliqinisekisa ukunganyangeki kwamanzi nakwiindawo ezinomngeni.

Uninzi lwezibane ezithobelayo zikwahlangabezana nobuncinci bemigangatho ye-IPX4, ibonelela ngokhuseleko emvuleni nakwikhephu. Eli nqanaba lokuqina livumela abasebenzi ukuba bathembele kwizixhobo zabo ngexesha lokusebenza ngaphandle, nakwiimeko zemozulu ezimbi. Uyilo olungothukiyo luqhubela phambili ukomelela, luqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuhla ngengozi okanye iimpembelelo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza.

Ukusebenza kokukhanyisa kunye nee-angles ze-beam ezihlengahlengiswayo

Ukusebenza kokukhanyisa yinto ebalulekileyo kwizibane zentloko kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Izibane zentloko ezithobelayo zivavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukhanyiso olufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubanga ilitha okanye ukungonwabi. Ngokomzekelo, izibane ze-Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB) zivavanywa phantsi kweemeko eziguquguqukayo ukulinganisa amanqanaba e-lux kunye nokuseka imida ye-glare. Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba ukuphuma kokukhanya kwandisa ukubonakala ngelixa kugcinwe ukhuseleko kwabanye abakummandla.

Ii-angles ze-beam ezihlengahlengiswayo lolunye uphawu olubalulekileyo. Izibane ezininzi ze-LED zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlengahlengise indlela yokukhanya, bagxile kuyo apho ifuneka khona kakhulu. Oku kulungelelaniswa kuphucula ukubonakala kwiindawo ezivaliweyo kwaye kuthintele ukukhanya, ukuqinisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Abasebenzi kumashishini afana nokwakha kunye neepetrochemicals baxhamla kakhulu kwezi mpawu, njengoko zivumela ukukhanya okuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezinzima.

Ukhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwexesha lokusebenza

Ukhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwexesha lokubaleka zizinto ezibalulekileyo xa ukhetha izibane zentloko kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo ngelixa unciphisa imingcipheko ehambelana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwebhetri, njengokutshisa okanye ukuvuza, okunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinobungozi.

Izibane zala maxesha ezithobelayo zibandakanya ubugcisa bebhetri obuphezulu obuyilelwe ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko. Iimodeli ezininzi ziyasetyenziswaiibhetri ze-lithium-ion, eyaziwa ngokuba namandla aphezulu kunye nexesha elide lokuphila. Ezi bhetri zihlala zibandakanya iindlela zokhuseleko ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezifana nokukhuselwa kwe-overcharge kunye ne-thermal cutoffs, ukukhusela ukufudumala nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

Ingcebiso:Ngalo lonke ixesha qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yebhetri yesibane iyahambelana nezatifikethi ezifana ne-ATEX okanye i-IECEx ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwimozulu eqhumayo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwexesha lokusebenza kubalulekile ngokulinganayo, ngakumbi kumashishini afuna iiyure zokusebenza ezongeziweyo. Izibane ezikumgangatho ophezulu zihlala zibonakalaiteknoloji ye-LED eyonga amandla, eyandisa ubomi bebhetri ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukukhanya. Ezinye iimodeli zibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokukhanyisa, ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlengahlengise amanqanaba okukhanya ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi ethile. Oku kuguquguquka kugcina amandla kwaye kwandise ixesha lokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamisekiyo ngexesha lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokuphucula ukhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwexesha libandakanya:

• Ukutshajwa kwakhona kwe-USB: Yenza ukutshaja okufanelekileyo ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo, njengeebhanki zamandla okanye iadaptha eludongeni.
• Iimpawu zebhetri: Nikeza uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenyani kumandla aseleyo, ukunceda abasebenzisi ukucwangcisa ngokutsha ngokufanelekileyo.
• Iindlela zaMandla aphantsi: Yandisa ixesha lokusebenza ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lemisebenzi engabalulekanga kangako.

Abasebenzi kumashishini afana nemigodi kunye ne-oyile negesi bayaxhamla kakhulu kolu phuculo. Iisistim zebhetri ezithembekileyo zinciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kwaye ziphucula imveliso, ngelixa iimpawu zokhuseleko zikhusela abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo. Ngokubeka phambili ukhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwexesha lokusebenza, abavelisi baqinisekisa ukuba izibane zabo zentloko ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zeemeko ezingqongileyo ezinobungozi.

Inkqubo yeSiqinisekiso kunye neMingeni

Amanyathelo okufumana isatifikethi

Ukufumana isatifikethi seizibane zentloko ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungoziibandakanya inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko lwehlabathi. Abavelisi kufuneka balandele uthotho lwamanyathelo abhaliweyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo. La manyathelo aquka:

Isinyathelo ngasinye siqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sidibana nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko oluyimfuneko. Umzekelo, uvavanyo loyilo lujolise ekuchongeni imingcipheko enokwenzeka, ngelixa uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukukwazi kwesixhobo ukwenza ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinobungozi. Uhlolo luqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihambelana noyilo oluvunyiweyo, kwaye uphononongo lwamaxwebhu luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Imingeni abajongene nayo abavelisi

Abavelisi bajongana nemiceli mngeni emininzi xa befuna isatifikethi sezibane zentloko kwiindawo eziyingozi. Inkqubo isoloko ibandakanya utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo lwemali kunye nexesha. Iintlawulo zovavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso zinokuba nkulu, ngakumbi kwiziqinisekiso ezinjenge-ATEX okanye i-IECEx, ezifuna uphononongo olungqongqo. Ukongeza, ixesha lokufumana isatifikethi linokwandiswa kwiinyanga ezininzi, kulibazisa ukuqaliswa kwemveliso.

Ukuhamba ngokwahlukana kwemimandla kwimigangatho yongeza omnye umaleko wobunzima. Abavelisi kufuneka balungelelanise uyilo lwabo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kwiimarike, ezifana ne-ATEX yaseYurophu kunye ne-UL eMntla Melika. Oku kuziqhelanisa konyusa iindleko zemveliso kwaye kwenza nzima ulawulo lwekhonkco lonikezelo. Ngaphaya koko, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo ngexesha lemveliso ngobuninzi kuhlala kungumngeni obalulekileyo, njengoko nakuphi na ukutenxa kuyilo oluqinisekisiweyo kunokukhokelela ekungathotyelwani.

Ukubaluleka kovavanyo lomntu wesithathu

Uvavanyo lomntu wesithathu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kwezibane zentloko kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Izixhobo zokuvavanya ezizimeleyo zibonelela ngokuqinisekiswa okungakhethi cala, ziqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo njengemigangatho ye-FMVSS 108. Ezi ndawo zivunyiweyo zisebenzisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo ezihambelana nezikhokelo ze-NHTSA, ziqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezikhuselekileyo.

Uvavanyo lomntu wesithathu lukwakhawulezisa ukulungela imarike. Ngokuchonga imiba enokubakho kwangethuba, abavelisi banokujongana nayo ngaphambi kokuba bangenise amaxwebhu, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka okubangelwa luvavanyo olungaphumeleliyo. Ukongezelela, ubuchule babavavanyi bomntu wesithathu buqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuthotyelwa zicokisekileyo, ziphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwezibane eziqinisekisiweyo. Ukuqinisekiswa okuzimeleyo kwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi kunye namaqumrhu alawulayo, ukuqinisa ukubaluleka kovavanyo lomntu wesithathu kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa.

Ukukhetha isibane sentloko sasekunene

Ukuchonga iimfuno ezithe ngqo kwishishini

Ukukhetha isibane esifanelekileyo siqala ngokuqonda iimfuno ezizodwa zoshishino ngalunye. Amacandelo ahlukeneyo afuna iimpawu ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemeko ezinobungozi. Ngokomzekelo, imisebenzi yemigodi ibeka phambili ukuyila kobungqina bokuqhuma, ngelixa iinkonzo zongxamiseko zifuna izibane ezinamandla, ezingenamanzi kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga. Uhlalutyo olucacileyo lweemfuno ezikhethekileyo kushishino lunceda ukunciphisa iinketho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba isibane esikhethiweyo sihambelana neemfuno zokusebenza.

Iingcali kula macandelo kufuneka zivavanye iimeko zabo zokusebenza kwaye zibeke phambili iimpawu ezijongene nemingeni yazo. Umzekelo, amaqela emigodi asebenza kwiatmosphere eziqhumayo axhamla kwizibane eziqinisekisiweyo ze-ATEX ezinobomi obude bebhetri kunye nemathiriyeli enganyangekiyo. Ngokukwanjalo, amagcisa eemoto anokukhetha uyilo oludityanisiweyo oluneziseko zemagneti ukuze zisebenze ngaphandle kwezandla.

Ingcebiso:Ukuqhuba uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lweengozi zendawo yokusebenza kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sihlangabezana nokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza okulindelweyo.

Ukuqinisekisa izatifikethi kunye neelebhile

Izatifikethi kunye neelebhile zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokuba isibane sentloko siyahambelana nemigangatho yokhuseleko yehlabathi. Ukuqinisekisa ezi ziqinisekiso linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhetheni izixhobo zommandla onobungozi. Abavelisi bafumana uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo. Ezi nkqubo ziquka uvavanyo lwebhubhoratri, ukuhlolwa kwemveliso, kunye nokuphononongwa kwamaxwebhu.

• Uvavanyo lwesatifikethi luvavanya iiparamitha eziphambili ezinje ngemveliso ekhanyayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokhuseleko lombane.
• Imibutho efana ne-EUROLAB inikezela ngesatifikethi kwimigangatho evunyiweyo kuzwelonke, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweemveliso eziqinisekisiweyo.
• Uluhlu lweemveliso luvumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqinisekise ubunyani bamanqaku esatifikethi kwizibane zentloko.

Ukongezelela, abavelisi bavavanya ukhuseleko lwamacandelo abalulekileyo ekusebenzisaneni nayo yonke inkqubo. Ukufaniswa kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kunceda ukuchonga ubungozi obunokubakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isibane sentloko sisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Le ndlela ibanzi iqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko eziqinisekisiweyo zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zeemekobume eziyingozi.

Phawula:Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge amanqaku esiqinisekiso afana ne-ATEX, i-IECEx, okanye i-UL kwimveliso kwaye uwaqinisekise ngokusebenzisa abalawuli abathembekileyo okanye amaqumrhu ezatifikethi.

Ukuvavanya ukuqina kunye nokusebenza

Ukuqina kunye nokusebenza zizinto ezibalulekileyo xa ukhetha izibane zentloko kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Izibane ezikumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka zimelane neemeko ezinzima ngelixa zihambisa ukusebenza kokukhanya okufanayo. Uphononongo oluvavanya ukusebenza kwesibane sentloko luqaqambisa ukubaluleka kweempawu ezifana nomgama wokubona, impembelelo yokubonakalisa, kunye nokwandiswa kokubonakala.

Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obuphezulu ekuphuculeni ukubonakala kunye nokhuseleko. Ii-engile ze-beam ezihlengahlengiswayo zikwaphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza ngokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bagxile ekukhanyeni ngokuchanekileyo apho kufuneka khona. Olu phawu lungqineka luxabisekile kwiindawo ezivaliweyo okanye ngexesha lemisebenzi eneenkcukacha.

Ukuqina kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Izibane zentloko ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezinobungozi zihlala zinemigangatho yokungangeni manzi, uthuli, kunye nemigangatho eyothusayo. Iimodeli ezinoKhuseleko oluphezulu lwe-Ingress (IP), ezifana ne-IP68, ziqinisekisa ukuchasana namanzi kunye nothuli, okwenza ukuba zilungele iimeko ezinzima. Uyilo lwe-Shockproof lukhusela i-headlamp kwi-drops ngengozi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Ingcebiso:Jonga izibane zentloko ezinokuqina okungqiniweyo kunye neempawu zokukhanyisa ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukwandisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinomngeni.

Izindululo kumashishini afana nemigodi kunye ne-oyile negesi

Ukukhetha isibane esifanelekileyo kumashishini afana nemigodi kunye ne-oyile kunye negesi kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwiimfuno ezithile zokusebenza. La macandelo asebenza kwiindawo ezinobungozi apho ukhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu. Izibane zentloko kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Imiba ephambili emayiqwalaselwe

1. Ukukhanya kunye noHlobo lweBeam
   Ukusebenza kwemigodi kunye neoli kunye negesi kaninzi kwenzeka kwiindawo zokukhanya okuphantsi okanye phantsi komhlaba. Izibane zentloko ezinemveliso ephezulu ye-lumen zibonelela ngokukhanya okwaneleyo kwezi meko. Umzekelo, amaqela emigodi axhamla kwizibane zentloko ezinendawo yokubeka ukukhanya kwizinto ezikude, ngelixa abasebenzi be-oyile nerhasi banokufuna imiqadi yezikhukhula ukuze babonakale banzi. Ii-engile ze-beam ezihlengahlengiswayo ziphucula ukuguquguquka, zivumela abasebenzi ukuba baziqhelanise nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
2. Ubomi bebhetri kunye nexesha lokuSebenza
   Utshintsho olwandisiweyo kula mashishini lufuna izibane zentloko ezineebhetri ezihlala ixesha elide. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-overcharge ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko. Iimodeli ezibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokukhanyisa, ezinje ngoseto lwamandla aphantsi, zinceda ukonga amandla ngexesha lemisebenzi engabalulekanga kangako. Ukutshajwa kwakhona kwe-USB yongeza ilula, ivumela abasebenzi ukuba baphinde batshaje izibane zabo zentloko besebenzisa imithombo yamandla ephathekayo.
3. Ukuqina kunye neempawu zoKhuseleko
   Izibane zentloko ezisetyenziswa kwimigodi kunye ne-oyile kunye negesi kufuneka zimelane neemeko ezinzima, kuquka ukuvezwa kuthuli, amanzi kunye neempembelelo. Iimodeli ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuKhuselwa kokuNgena (IP), njenge-IP68, ziqinisekisa ukuchasana kwamanzi nothuli. Uyilo olungangenwa luqhushumbo kunye nolukhuseleke ngokwangaphakathi lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuvutha kwindawo eneziqhushumbisi. Ezi mpawu zihambelana neziqinisekiso ezifana ne-ATEX kunye ne-IECEx, ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko yehlabathi.
4. Iindlela zokuKhanya eziZodwa
   Imisebenzi ethile kula mashishini ifuna iindlela ezithile zokukhanyisa. Umzekelo, iindlela zokujonga ebusuku ezibomvu zigcina umbono olungelelanisiweyo wasebusuku, ngelixa ukukhanya kwe-UV kunceda ekuboneni ukuvuza okanye ukuhlola izixhobo. Abasebenzi kufuneka bakhethe izibane zentloko ezibonelela ngezi modi zikhethekileyo ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle nokhuseleko.

IiNkcazo eziCetyisiweyo nguShishino

Le theyibhile ingezantsi ichaza iinkcukacha ezicetyiswayo zezibane zentloko kumashishini afana nemigodi ne-oyile negesi. Ezi zikhokelo zinceda abasebenzi ukuba bakhethe izixhobo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zabo zokusebenza ezizodwa.

Ingcebiso:Abasebenzi basezimayini kunye ne-oyile kunye negesi kufuneka babeke phambili izibane zentloko kunye nezatifikethi ezifana ne-ATEX okanye i-IECEx. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa iingozi kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Amacebiso Aluncedo

• NgeMisebenzi yeMigodi: Khetha izibane zentloko ezinobuncinci be-lumens ezili-120 kunye nebala lebala lokukhanyisa. Jonga iimodeli ezinemathiriyeli yokuxhathisa kunye nobomi obude bebhetri ukumelana neemeko eziphantsi komhlaba.
• Kuphononongo lwe-oyile negesi: Khetha izibane zentloko ezinikezela ngemiqadi yezikhukhula kunye neendlela zombono obomvu ebusuku. Qinisekisa ukuba isibane sinoqhushumbo kwaye sinexesha lokuqhuba ubuncinane iiyure ezili-10 ukuxhasa utshintsho olwandisiweyo.
• Ukulungiselela iMichiza: Khetha izibane zentloko ezineUV okanye iindlela zokukhanya okubomvu kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-ATEX okanye ye-IECEx ukuthintela ukuvutha kwiindawo eziguquguqukayo.

Ngokulungelelanisa iimpawu ze-headlamp kunye neemfuno ezithe ngqo kwishishini, abasebenzi banokuphucula ukhuseleko, imveliso, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo enobungozi.

Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yehlabathi kuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezinobungozi. Uyilo oluqinisekisiweyo lukhusela abasebenzi kwaye lunciphisa imingcipheko yokusebenza. Uphando olunzulu kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweziqinisekiso kunceda amashishini ukuba aphephe izohlwayo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka.

Ukuhlala uhlaziywa kwimigangatho eguqukayo kuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Uphando luqaqambisa ukuqhubela phambili okufana nezibane eziguquguqukayo kunye nemibala ye-LED, ephucula ukubonakala kunye nokunciphisa ilitha. Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza iziphumo eziphambili:

Ngokubeka phambili ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuhlala unolwazi, amashishini anokubakhusela abasebenzi, aphucule impumelelo yokusebenza, kwaye aqhelane nezinto ezintsha ezizayo.

FAQ

Sithetha ntoni isiqinisekiso se-ATEX kwizibane zentloko?

Isatifikethi se-ATEX siqinisekisa ukuba izibane zentloko ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko yaseYurophu kwimozulu eqhumayo. Iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zinokudubula kwaye zikhuselekile ngaphakathi, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokutshisa kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Abasebenzi banokusiqinisekisa njani isiqinisekiso sesibane?

Abasebenzi banokujonga amanqaku esatifikethi afana ne-ATEX, IECEx, okanye UL kwimveliso. Ukuqinisekiswa kusetyenziswa abalawuli abathembekileyo okanye amaqumrhu okuqinisekisa isiqinisekiso kuqinisekisa ubunyani.

Kutheni ii-engile ze-beam ezihlengahlengiswayo zibalulekile kwiindawo ezinobungozi?

Ii-angles ze-beam ezilungisekayo zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bagxininise ukukhanya ngokuchanekileyo apho kuyimfuneko. Olu phawu longeza ukubonakala kwiindawo ezivaliweyo kwaye luphucula ukhuseleko ngexesha lemisebenzi eneenkcukacha.

Yintoni intsingiselo ye-IP yokulinganisa izibane zentloko?

Iireyithingi ze-IP zilinganisa ukuxhathisa emanzini, uthuli, kunye neempembelelo. Amanqaku aphezulu, afana ne-IP68, aqinisekisa ukuhlala kwiimeko ezinzima, okwenza izibane zentloko zithembeke kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

Ngaba izibane ze-USB ezitshajwayo zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso?

Izibane ze-USB ezitshajwayo zibonelela ngokulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Bavumela ukutshaja ngemithombo ephathekayo efana neebhanki zamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa ngexesha lokutshintsha okwandisiweyo.