Ulwazi olusisiseko lokukhanyisa ngaphandle

Mhlawumbi uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba isibane yinto elula, kubonakala ngathi akufanelekanga ukuhlalutywa ngononophelo nophando, ngokuchaseneyo, uyilo kunye nokwenziwa kwezibane ezifanelekileyo kunye nezibane kufuna ulwazi oluninzi lwe-elektroniki, izixhobo, oomatshini, kunye ne-optics. Ukuqonda ezi ziseko kuya kukunceda uvavanye umgangatho wezibane ngokuchanekileyo.

1. Iibhalbhu ezikhanyayo

Akunakwenzeka ukubona kude kancinci ebusuku ngaphandle kwezibane ezikhanyayo. Akulula ukwenza iibhalbhu ezikhanyayo zikhanye kwaye zonge amandla. Ukuba ibhalbhu inamandla athile, inokuzaliswa yigesi engasebenziyo, enokuphucula ukukhanya kwaye yandise ubomi bebhalbhu. Okukhethekileyo kukuzinikela kobomi ngokutshintshiselana nokukhanya okuphezulu kweebhalbhu ze-halogen ezinamandla aphezulu. Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa ngaphandle, xa kujongwa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezininzi, ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide, iibhalbhu zegesi eziqhelekileyo ezingasebenziyo zifanelekile ngakumbi, ewe, ukusetyenziswa kweebhalbhu ze-halogen ezikhanyayo kakhulu nazo zinezibonelelo zazo. I-bayonet eqhelekileyo kunye ne-foot socket okanye i-lamp bladder ekhethekileyo zixhaphakile kwiindawo ezidumileyo zebhalbhu zezibane. Ngokwembono yobuninzi kunye nokulula kokuthenga, izibane ezisebenzisa iibhalbhu ze-bayonet eziqhelekileyo kulula ukuzibonelela, zineendawo ezininzi ezitshintshayo, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nobomi obude. Izibane ezininzi eziphezulu zisebenzisa iibhalbhu ze-xenon zeHalogen ezine-bayonet, ewe, ixabiso leHalogen liphezulu. Akulula ukuzithenga eTshayina, iibhalbhu ze-superba kwiivenkile ezinkulu nazo ziyindawo yokusebenza entle. Ukuze i-bulb yokukhanya yonge amandla ngakumbi, unokuzama kuphela ukunciphisa amandla, ukukhanya kunye nexesha kusoloko kuphikisana, kwimeko ye-voltage ethile, umbane olinganisiweyo we-bulb yokukhanya ude kakhulu, i-PETZL SAXO AQUA isebenzisa i-bulb ye-krypton ye-6V 0.3A, ukufezekisa isiphumo se-bulb eqhelekileyo ye-6V 0.5A. Ukongeza, ixesha lethiyori lokusebenzisa iibhetri ezine ze-AA lifikelela kwiiyure ezili-9, elingumzekelo ophumeleleyo wokukhanya kunye nokulinganisela ixesha. I-bulb yokukhanya yasekhaya ye-megabor inombane omncinci olinganisiweyo, oyindawo elungileyo. Ewe, yinto eyahlukileyo ukuba ufuna nje ukukhanya okukhanyayo. I-Surefire iqhelekile, inesigqubuthelo se-lumen ezingama-65 esihlala malunga neyure kwiibhetri ezimbini ze-lithium. Ke ngoko, xa uthenga izibane, jonga ixabiso lokulinganisa i-bulb yelampu, ubale amandla ayo aqikelelweyo, kunye nobubanzi besitya selampu, ungaqikelela ngokusisiseko ukukhanya okuqikelelweyo, uluhlu oluphezulu kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa, awuyi kudideka lula yintengiso engasebenziyo.

2. I-LED

Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-diode ekhupha ukukhanya okuphezulu kuzise utshintsho kwishishini lokukhanyisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nobomi obude zezona zibonelelo zayo zinkulu. Ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezomileyo kwanele ukugcina i-LED ekhanyayo kakhulu iiyure ezininzi okanye amakhulu okukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki enkulu ye-LED okwangoku kukuba kunzima ukusombulula ingqokelela yokukhanya, umthombo wokukhanya owahlukileyo wenza ukuba ingakwazi ukukhanyisa umhlaba kwiimitha ezili-10 ebusuku, kwaye umbala wokukhanya okubandayo wenza ukungena kwayo emvuleni yangaphandle, inkungu kunye nekhephu kunciphe kakhulu. Ke ngoko, izibane zihlala ziqhagamshelwe ngeendlela ezininzi okanye ezininzi ze-LED ukuphucula kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa isiphumo asibonakali. Nangona sele kukho ii-LED ezigxininisa amandla aphezulu kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusebenza akukafikeleli kwinqanaba lokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo iibhalbhu ze-incandescent, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu. I-voltage yokuqhuba eqhelekileyo ye-LED eqhelekileyo iphakathi kwe-3-3.7V, kwaye umgangatho wokukhanya we-LED ubonakaliswa yi-mcd, kunye neeklasi ezininzi ezifana ne-5mm kunye ne-10mm ububanzi. Okukhona ubukhulu bukhulu, kokukhona ixabiso le-mcd liphezulu, kokukhona ukukhanya kuphezulu. Ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukusetyenziswa komthamo kunye namandla, izibane eziqhelekileyo zikhetha inqanaba le-5mm, kwaye ixabiso le-mcd limalunga ne-6000-10000. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenani elikhulu labavelisi be-LED, iityhubhu ezininzi ze-LED zasekhaya zibhalwe ngobuxoki, kwaye ixabiso eliqingqiweyo alikholeleki. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwe-LED yeenkampani zaseJapan kwiimveliso ezingenisiweyo kuyaqatshelwa, kwaye ikwayeyona zibane zidumileyo zikhethiweyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-LED yanele ukukhanyisa kumbane omncinci kakhulu, ngoko ke, amashumi okanye amakhulu eeyure zezibane eziqhelekileyo ze-LED kufuneka zincitshiswe kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwangempela, mhlawumbi iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukukhanya kwanele ukukhanyisa yonke inkampu, emva kweeyure ezininzi ngayo ukubona itafile kunzima, ngoko ke, ukufakwa kohlengahlengiso lwesekethe yokulungelelanisa i-voltage uqwalaselo lwamandla ombane luqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo lwezibane ze-LED zangaphandle eziphezulu. Okwangoku, i-LED eqhelekileyo isafaneleka ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa njengenkampu okanye intente njengomthombo wokukhanya okufutshane, nto leyo eyinzuzo yayo.

3. Isitya sesibane

Into ebalulekileyo yokumisela umgangatho wokukhanya sisibonisi somthombo wokukhanya — isitya sesibane. Isitya sesibane esiqhelekileyo sigqunywe ngesilivere kwisitya seplastiki okanye sesinyithi. Kwimithombo yesibane enamandla aphezulu, isitya sesibane sesinyithi silungele ngakumbi ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, kwaye ububanzi besitya sesibane bumisela uluhlu lwethiyori. Ngandlela thile, okukhona isitya sesibane sikhanya ngakumbi asingcono, isiphumo esingcono sesitya sesibane sisisangqa semibimbi emile okwesikhumba esiorenji, silawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubangelwa ngamabala amnyama, ukuze indawo yokukhanya kwindawo yokukhanyisa igxile ngakumbi kwaye ifane. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba nesitya esimibi kubonisa ukuqhelana kobuchwephesha ekukhanyeni.

4. Ilensi

Ilensi ikhusela isibane okanye idibanisa ukukhanya. Ihlala yenziwe ngeglasi okanye i-resin. Iglasi inokumelana kakuhle nobushushu, kulula ukuyikrwela, izinzile, kodwa amandla okusetyenziswa ngaphandle ayaxhalabisa, kwaye iindleko zokucubungula kumphezulu ongqukuva zikhulu kakhulu, iphepha le-resin liyanceda ekucutshungulweni, amandla athembekileyo, ubunzima obuphantsi, kodwa nikela ingqalelo kukhuseleko lokuthintela ukugaywa okugqithisileyo, ngokubanzi, ilensi yethotshi yangaphandle ebalaseleyo kufuneka icutshungulwe ibe yiphepha le-resin lens engqukuva, inokuba lulawulo olusebenzayo lokudibana kokukhanya.

5. Iibhetri

Kwiimeko ezininzi ungakhalaza ukuba kutheni isibane singenambane kungekudala, kwaye ityala likwisibane ngokwaso, eneneni, ukhetho lwebhetri nalo lubalulekile, ngokubanzi, amandla kunye nomsinga wokukhupha webhetri eqhelekileyo ye-alkaline zilungile, ixabiso liphantsi, kulula ukuyithenga, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, kodwa isiphumo esikhulu sokukhupha umbane asilungile, umlinganiselo woxinano lwamandla ebhetri ye-nickel metal hydride uphezulu, umjikelo ungowoqoqosho ngakumbi, Kodwa izinga lokuzikhupha liphezulu, umsinga wokukhupha webhetri ye-lithium ulungile kakhulu, ulungele kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezibane ezinamandla aphezulu, kodwa uqoqosho lokusetyenziswa alulungile, ixabiso lombane we-lithium lisabiza kakhulu okwangoku, izibane ezifanayo zizibane ezinamandla aphezulu, ngoko ke, uninzi lwezibane zemarike kukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ye-alkaline egama lingumkhiqizo ukusebenza okupheleleyo kungcono, ngokomgaqo, ukusebenza kwebhetri ye-alkaline kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu kubushushu obuphantsi, ke ngoko, kwizibane ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezibandayo, indlela efanelekileyo kukudibanisa ibhokisi yebhetri yangaphandle, kunye nobushushu bomzimba ukuqinisekisa ubushushu bokusebenza bebhetri. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwezinye izibane ezingenisiweyo, ezifana nezinye iimodeli zePETZL kunye neprinceton, ngenxa yokuba i-electrode engalunganga yeebhetri ezomileyo zangaphandle iphakanyisiwe kancinci, unxibelelwano olubi lwezibane lwenzelwe ukuba lube tyaba. Xa usebenzisa ezinye iibhetri zasekhaya ezine-electrode engqukuva, kukho ithuba lonxibelelwano olubi. Isisombululo silula, yongeza nje iqhekeza elincinci le-gasket.

6. Izixhobo

Izibane zesinyithi, iplastiki, ezisisiseko zenziwe ngazo, umzimba wesibane sesinyithi uqinile kwaye uhlala ixesha elide, kusetyenziswa ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo kunye ne-aluminium alloy eqinileyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-flashlight yesinyithi isetyenziswa rhoqo njengesixhobo sokuzikhusela, kodwa isinyithi ngokubanzi asimelani nokugqwala, sinzima kakhulu, ngoko ke asifanelekanga kwizibane zokuntywila, ukuqhuba kakuhle kobushushu, okulungele ukusasazwa kobushushu ngaxeshanye, kodwa kukhokelela ekusebenziseni iindawo ezibandayo, kunzima ukusebenzisa izibane zentloko, iindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kakhulu zeplastiki zobunjineli, i-polycarbonate, i-ABS/polyester, i-polycarbonate glass fiber eqinisiweyo, i-polyimide njalo njalo, ukusebenza nako kwahlukile kakhulu, thatha i-polycarbonate glass fiber eqinisiweyo njengomzekelo, amandla ayo anele ukujongana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ezinzima, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukugquma, ubunzima obuphantsi, lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwesibane sentloko kunye nesibane sokuntywila. Kodwa iplastiki eqhelekileyo ye-ABS esetyenziswa kwizibane ezingabizi kakhulu ihlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye ayihlali ixesha elide. Qiniseka ukuba uyinike ingqalelo xa uthenga. Ngokubanzi, inokwahlulwa ngokuziva ucinezelwe nzima.

7. Tshintsha

Ukuseta iswitshi yesibane kumisela ukusebenziseka kwayo lula. Iswitshi yesitshixo esityibilikayo efana netotshi yentsimbi ilula kwaye ilula, kodwa i-congenital ayinakuba namanzi ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ngokucacileyo ayifanelekanga. Iswitshi yerabha yokucinezela iqhosha kwitotshi ye-magnesium D kulula ukuyiba namanzi kwaye ilula, kodwa ngokucacileyo ayifanelekanga kwiziganeko ezifana nokuntywila, kwaye uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluphezulu lunokubangela ukuvuza kweswitshi. Iswitshi yohlobo lwe-tail press ithandwa kakhulu kwizibane ezincinci, ngakumbi ezilula ukukhanya kwaye zikhanya ixesha elide, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwayo oluntsonkothileyo lokuthathela ingqalelo ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka yingxaki, unxibelelwano olubi kwezinye izibane zefektri ezidumileyo nazo zixhaphakile. Iswitshi yesigqubuthelo sesibane esijikelezayo sesona switshi silula kwaye sithembekileyo, kodwa sinokwenza umsebenzi omnye wokutshintsha, asinakuhlelwa, kunzima ukuyila umsebenzi wokugxila, ukungangeni kwamanzi okuguquguqukayo akulunganga (iswitshi yokusebenza kwamanzi kulula ukuvuza). Iswitshi yeknob yindlela ethandwayo yokusebenzisa izibane ezininzi zokuntywila, isakhiwo sesona singcono singangeni manzi, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kulula ukuyitshintsha, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, inokutshixwa, ayinakukhanyiswa.

8. Ukungangeni manzi

Kulula kakhulu ukugweba ukuba isibane asingeni manzi okanye akunjalo. Jonga ngononophelo ukuba kukho iiringi zerabha ezithambileyo nezithambileyo kuzo zonke iindawo zesibane (isivalo sesibane, iswitshi, isigqubuthelo sebhetri, njl.njl.). Iiringi zerabha ezibalaseleyo, ezidityaniswe noyilo olufanelekileyo kunye netekhnoloji yokucubungula egqwesileyo, zinokuqinisekisa nobunzulu bokungangeni manzi obungaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-1000. Phantsi kwemvula enkulu azinakuqinisekisa ukuba akuyi kubakho kuvuza, isizathu kukuba ukuthamba kwerabha akwanelanga ukuqinisekisa ukulingana ngokupheleleyo kwemiphezulu emibini. Ngokwembono yoyilo, iswitshi yesibane esijikelezayo kunye neswitshi yeknob yebhareli ngokwethiyori eyona switshi ilula ukuyingena manzi, isitshixo sesilayidi kunye neswitshi yokucinezela umsila inzima kakhulu. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo loyilo lweswitshi, kungcono ukungatshintshi rhoqo xa isetyenziswa phantsi kwamanzi, inkqubo yeswitshi yeyona ilula ukungena emanzini, ekuntywileni, indlela ekhuselekileyo ngakumbi kukufaka igrisi encinci kwiringi yerabha, ingatywinwa ngempumelelo, kwangaxeshanye, igrisi ikwanceda ekugcineni iringi yerabha, kuphephe ukuguguleka kwangethuba okubangelwa kukwaluphala, emva kweminyaka emininzi yokusetyenziswa kwisibane, Iringi yerabha yeyona ndawo isengozini kakhulu yesibane yokwaluphala. Kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusetyenziswa ngaphandle.

9. Isekethe yohlengahlengiso lweVolthi

Isekethe yohlengahlengiso lwe-voltage kufuneka ibe yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubonakalisa izibane eziphambili, ukusetyenziswa kwesekethe yohlengahlengiso lwe-voltage kunemisebenzi emibini: I-voltage yokuqhuba ye-LED eqhelekileyo yi-3-3.6V, oko kuthetha ukuba ubuncinane iibhetri ezintathu eziqhelekileyo kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esifanelekileyo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukuguquguquka koyilo lwesibane kuthintelwe kakhulu. Le yokugqibela ibonisa ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwamandla ombane, ukuze i-voltage inganciphisi ukukhanya ngokuncitshiswa kwebhetri. Soloko ugcina inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokukhanya, ewe, ikwanceda ukukhanya kohlengahlengiso lwe-shift. Iingenelo zineengxaki, isekethe yohlengahlengiso lwe-voltage idla ngokuchitha ubuncinane i-30% yamandla ombane, ngoko ke, idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizibane ze-LED ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi. Isekethe yohlengahlengiso lwe-voltage emeleyo isetyenziswa yi-PETZL's MYO 5. Ukukhanya kwe-LED kulungiswa kumanqanaba amathathu ukugcina ukukhanya okugudileyo kwamanqanaba amathathu e-LED iiyure ezili-10, iiyure ezingama-30 kunye neeyure ezingama-90 ngokulandelelana.

10. Ukusebenza kakuhle

Ukuze izibane zingakhanyisi nje kuphela, kodwa zinemisebenzi emininzi eyongezelelweyo okanye ukusetyenziswa okulula ngakumbi, kwavela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoyilo.

Ibhanti yentloko ilungile kakhulu, kwiimeko ezininzi inokwenza ukuba umbane wesandla esincinci udlale indimaisibane sentloko esitshajwayo se-LED, izibane ezininzi zokuntywila zihlala zisetyenziswa ngale ndlela imiselweyo.

Ikliphu ekwi-ARC AAA ingafakwa kwipokotho yehempe njengepeni, nangona ukhetho olusebenzayo kukuyiqhoboshela ecaleni komnqwazi wakho njengesibane sentloko.

L Uyilo lweisibane esibonakalayo se-LEDilungile kakhulu. Izihluzo ezine ezikwindawo yomsila zilungele kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwesignali ebusuku.

I-PETZL DUO LED inebhalbhu yokuxhasa eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, njengoko naluphi na umbane ofanelekileyo wangaphandle ufanele ube njalo.

I-ARC LSHP ingasebenzisa ngokulula iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla ngokweemfuno. Isiphelo sangasemva yi-CR123A enye, i-CR123A ephindwe kabini kunye ne-AA ephindwe kabini

Amandla okugcina. Ukuba unesibane esikufutshane nawe kuphela, ukutshintsha ibhetri kwi-pitch Umnyama unokuba yingozi kakhulu. I-Black Diamond Supernova inombane we-6V ofumanekayo ukubonelela ngeeyure ezili-10ukukhanya kwe-LED yangaphandlengexesha lokutshintsha ibhetri okanye xa ibhetri iphela.

Nangona uvavanyo lwam lobuqu luphantsi kakhulu, kodwa imagnethi ingafunxwa kumphezulu wesinyithi womsebenzi isaxatyiswa.

I-gyro-gun II kaGannet, kulula ukuyisebenzisa njengetotshi, isibane sentloko okanye iindawo ezahlukeneyo