Umgaqo we-Luminous

ZonkeUkukhanya okunokuphinda kukhanyiswe, Ukukhanya kwenkampu ephathwayokwayeI-ProutifoalIl ShlokoSebenzisa uhlobo lwe-blub ye-LED. Ukuqonda umgaqo-siseko weDiode we-Diode we-LED, okokuqala uqonde ulwazi olusisiseko lweSemicondors. Iipropati ezizezinye zokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-semicondcuctor ziphakathi kwabapozi kunye nabavumisi. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa zezi: Xa i-semicondcuctor ikhuthazwe yimeko yangaphandle yokukhanya kunye nobushushu, amandla ayo anenxaxheba aya kutshintsha kakhulu; Ukongeza izixa ezincinci zokungcola kwi-semiconductor emsulwa kakhulu yonyusa amandla ayo okuqhuba umbane. I-Silicon (Si) neJemanium (i-Ge) zezona zisetyenziswayo zixhaphakileyo ze-semicondics zale mihla, kwaye ii-elektroni zazo zangaphandle zine. Xa i-Silicon okanye i-atom yase-Ijamemu yeyomeleza i-rystal, i-atom engummelwane inxibelelana, ukuze i-electroni engaphandle yabelwane ngayo ziiatom ezimbini, ezona zinto zinobume be-cystal, enesimo semolekyuli esinamandla amancinci. Kubushushu begumbi (i-300k), imfesane ye-thermal iya kwenza ukuba ezinye ii-elektroniki zifumana amandla aneleyo ukuze zihlukane nebhondi ezinamalungu kwaye ziyi-eletroni, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yimfesane. Emva kokuba i-elektroni ayingakhathali ukuba ibe yi-elektroni yasimahla, isithuba sishiywe kwindawo enamachaphaza. Esi sithuba sibizwa ngokuba ngumngxunya. Ukubonakala komngxunya yinto ebalulekileyo eyahlula i-semiconductor evela kumqhubi wesifundo.

Xa isixa esincinci se-pentavaent engalunganga enjenge-phosphorus yongezwa kwi-Gerinsic Semiconductor, iya kuba ne-elektroni eyongezelelweyo emva kokwenza i-atom ye-semicondcuctor. Olu lopholo lwe-electroni longezelelweyo lufuna kuphela amandla amancinci kakhulu ukususa ibhondi kwaye ube yi-elektroni yasimahla. Olu hlobo lokungcola kwe-semimonduction lubizwa ngokuba yi-semicondtuctor electroni (n-yohlobo lwe-semicondcuctor). Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza inani elincinci lezinto ezinqabileyo eziyinqabileyo (ezinjengeBoron, njl njl) ukuya kwi-Imicondlic semiconductor, kuba ineeatos ezintathu kuphela, iya kudala isithuba kwikristale. Olu hlobo lwe-cantionductor ibizwa ngokuba yi-Hole Semiconductor (P-Chwether Semiconductor). Xa udidi kunye nohlobo lwe-semicontunduguctors zidityanisiwe, kukho umahluko kwi-elektroni yezixhobo zasimahla kunye nemingxunya yemingxunya. Zombini ii-elektroniki kunye nemingxunya zibonakalisiwe kuxinzelelo olusezantsi, zishiya i-IIRD ezihlawulelwayo kodwa ii-ioniley ze-neley ezitshabalalisa ukungathathi cala kombane kwasekuqaleni kohlobo lwe-N-Chwether. Le le nto ihlawulwayo inikwe amasuntswana ahlala ebizwa ngokuba ziindleko zendawo, kwaye zigxile kufutshane ne-interface ye-N kunye ne-P kunye ne-P kunye ne-PN Junction.

Xa i-chaas ye-bias yangaphambili isetyenziswa kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-PN Junction (i-voltage elungileyo kwelinye icala lohlobo lwe-PNT), imingxunya kunye nee-elektroni ezikhululekileyo zijikeleza, zidala intsimi yombane yangaphakathi. Imingxunya esandul 'imingxunya iphinda iphinde ibuye nee-elektroni zasimahla, ngamanye amaxesha ukukhupha amandla agqithisileyo ngohlobo lweefoto, esikukhanyisayo esibona sikhutshiwe yi-LEDS. Imbonakalo enjalo icote, kwaye kuba impahla nganye inesandi eyahlukileyo, amaza amaza eefoto ekhutshwe zahlukile, ke imibala ye-LED ichazwe zizisiseko zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.